Mixtures and Solutions Mixture: two or more compounds physically but not chemically put together Two Types: solutions and suspensions

Solutions Solutions: type of mixture when parts are evenly distributed when dissolved in water (e.g. Salt in water and sugar in water, Kool-Aid) – Two parts   solutes (solid)  solvent (what its dissolved in) – Water is considered the universal solvent.

Suspensions Suspensions: type of mixture where (solute) material does not mix. ( sand in water, oil in water) Some have to be shaken…some medicines, salads, cement, snow globes.

Suspensions

Chemical Properties of Solutions Can be an acid or a base based on amount of hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH) present once dissolved in water Acid=a solution that has a lot of H+ Base= a solution that has a little bit of H+

pH The measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is pH  means % of hydrogen Acids: Usually sour tasting  the ones that are safe to taste (O.J., lemon juice, vinegar) Bases: Bland tasting

Measurement of Acids and Bases pH scales measure the percent of hydrogen present Acids are between 1-6 on the scale – 1  highly acidic – 6  slightly acidic Bases are between 8-14 on the scale – 8  slightly basic – 14  highly basic

Indicators Used to Detect Acids or Basic Substances Litmus paper  can be acidic or basic based – Acidic substances turn litmus paper…pinks/reds – Basic substances turn litmus paper… blues/violets Universal Indicators: will change different colors based on substance. Must color chart to determine pH value. Red cabbage can also be used as a pH indicator!

pH Fun Facts Your vomit contain hydrochloric acid…that’s why it burns coming up Tums contain a chemical called calcium carbonate which is a base Soda contains carbonic acid

pH scale