GENOME: an organism’s complete set of genetic material In humans, ~3 billion base pairs CHROMOSOME: Part of the genome; structure that holds tightly wound.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Advertisements

© 2006 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. DISCOVER BIOLOGY 3/e
Transcription and Translation
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
RNA Ribonucleic Acid.
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.
8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA Ribonucleic acid single stranded also made of nucleotides.
Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.
Transcription and Translation
DNA => RNA => PROTEIN Central Dogma of Life. DNA Name: Deoxyribonucleic Acid “Molecule of Life” Stays in the nucleus of eukaryotes Codes for RNA and ultimately.
9.1 Transcription. Central Dogma DNARNAPROTEIN TranscriptionTranslation.
Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis. DNA acts like an "instruction manual“ – it provides all the information needed to function the actual work of translating the information.
SC STANDARD B-4 STUDENTS WILL DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF HEREDITY.
End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA and Protein Synthesis.
RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure of RNA  Single stranded  Ribose Sugar  5 carbon sugar  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.
RNA & Protein Synthesis.
1 Gene expression Transcription and Translation. 2 1.Important Features: Eukaryotic cells a. DNA contains genetic template for proteins. b. DNA is found.
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.
From Gene To Protein Chapter 17. From Gene to Protein The “Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” is DNA  RNA  protein Meaning that our DNA codes our RNA.
Protein Synthesis 6C transcription & translation.
DNA and RNA Objectives: 8.0 Identify the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. 8.1 Explaining relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Chapter 13 section 1: RNA and Transcription. Key Questions How does RNA differ from DNA? How does the cell make RNA?
RNA and Protein Synthesis
3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.
One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
GENOME: an organism’s complete set of genetic material Humans ~3 billion base pairs CHROMOSOME: Part of the genome; structure that holds tightly wound.
Chapter 12: Protein Synthesis What is DNA? What is DNA?
DNA to Protein The processes of DNA transcription and translation.
Transcription and Translation How genes are expressed (a.k.a. How proteins are made) Biology.
Molecular Genetics Protein Synthesis Overview. The Central Dogma DNA contains the blueprint for protein synthesis, but proteins are synthesized outside.
DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis (also known as Gene Expression)
Ribonucleic acid Single-stranded sugar phosphate backbone Nucleotides: C=G A=U mRNA: messenger rRNA: ribosomal tRNA: transfer.
Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides
DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human.
RNA Structure and Function. Another Nucleic Acid?? Meet RNA  Monomer: Polymer:  What are some differences between DNA and RNA?
Do Now: On the “Modeling DNA” handout, determine the complimentary DNA sequence and the mRNA sequence by using the sequence given.
Protein Synthesis. Review…  DNA:  Found in the nucleus  Double stranded  Contains the instructions for controlling the cell (including instructions.
Transcription and Translation. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology  The flow of information in the cell starts at DNA, which replicates to form more DNA.
Transcription, Translation & Protein Synthesis Do you remember what proteins are made of ?  Hundreds of Amino Acids link  together to make one Protein.
RNA, Transcription, and the Genetic Code. RNA = ribonucleic acid -Nucleic acid similar to DNA but with several differences DNARNA Number of strands21.
The Central Theme of Molecular Biology is Protein Synthesis Step I: Going from DNA to RNA called Transcription Step II: Going from RNA to Protein called.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) -Contrast RNA and DNA. -Explain the process of transcription. - Differentiate between the 3 main types of RNA -Differentiate between.
8.3 DNA Replication KEY CONCEPT DNA replication copies the genetic information of a cell.
CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell…
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.
Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,
How does DNA work? Gene: segment of DNA that codes for a protein Problem: DNA cannot leave the nucleus… but proteins are made in ribosomes. SO how do we.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
Transcription and Translation
12.3 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule. DNA can not leave nucleus..RNA CAN!
Protein Synthesis Genetics.
Transcription and Translation
Notes – Protein Synthesis: Transcription
RNA.
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation
Overview of Protein Synthesis And RNA Processing
Transcription and Translation
Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.
Transcription and Translation
How genes on a chromosome determine what proteins to make
RNA.
The Production of Proteins by DNA
Presentation transcript:

GENOME: an organism’s complete set of genetic material In humans, ~3 billion base pairs CHROMOSOME: Part of the genome; structure that holds tightly wound DNA In humans, 23 pairs

GENE: part of a chromosome A sequence of DNA that encodes for a protein - several to hundreds of nucleotides in length CODON: Part of a gene; three nucleotides that code for an amino acid

Ribonucleic acid Single-stranded copies of DNA sugar phosphate backbone Nucleotides: C=G A=U mRNA: messenger rRNA: ribosomal tRNA: transfer

1.TRANSCRIPTION - a segment of the DNA is transcribed into mRNA - mRNA is matured - mRNA leaves the nucleus for a ribosome 2.TRANSLATION - ribosome reads the mRNA - matching tRNA’s insert amino acids in the correct order RNA transcription translation CENTRAL DOGMA DNA PROTEINS

RNA polymerase

A G U U C A G C A U G T C A A G T C G T A CDNAmRNA

EXONS: coding regions; code for amino acids INTRONS: non-coding regions; useless DNA; “spam”

TRANSCRIPTION 1.A segment of the DNA is unzipped from its double helix by RNA polymerase promoter region “start” “stop” 2. As RNA Polymerase unzips the double helix, it reads the DNA and makes a complimentary strand called mRNA DNA = template mRNA = copy 3. RNA Maturation: non-coding introns are cut out, and coding exons leave the nucleus

RIBOSOME mRNA

RIBOSOME mRNA Protein Strand 1. mRNA enters the RIBOSOME in the cytoplasm or on the Rough ER 2. The ribosome reads the mRNA one codon (3 base pairs) at a time 3. tRNA molecules that match the mRNA attach to the ribosomes and drop off their amino acids 4. Empty tRNA molecules leave and the protein strand grows

S2ls

T G A C G A T A C C G G A A G G G T C A G T G G A T A A T T A T C A C T DNA A C U G C U A U G G C C U U C C C A G U C A C C U A U U A A U A G U G A mRNA Protein fragment MET ALAPHEPROVALTHRTYR

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.