WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 8.2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS -the two phases of photosynthesis [ describe / diagram ] -the role structures in chloroplast play in photosynthesis -factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis

MAIN IDEA -LIGHT energy  CHEMICAL energy -plants absorb LIGHT ENERGY to create CHEMCIAL ENERGY [glucose] SONG- PHOTOSYNTHESIS RAP

OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIST organisms that carry out photosynthesis -photoautotrophs   LIST the organelle where photosynthesis takes place  -chloroplast thylakoid stroma IDENTIFY the chemical equation for photosynthesis: __________ + __________  __________ + ___________ [REACTANTS] light [PRODUCTS]   IDENTIFY the energy form used during photosynthesis chemcial light IDENTIFY the energy form produced during photosynthesis chemcial light 6CO2 6H2O 6O2 C6H12O6

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES -INTERNAL STRUCTURE: leaf tissue CHLOROPLAST

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- CHLOROPLAST -located in the cell of leaves -found in the middle layer

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOIDS - “coins” -phase I GRANUM- “stack of coins” STROMA- space -phase II INNER/OUTER MEMBRANE -phospholipid bilayer -carbs transported across membrane

DRAW

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- PLANT STOMATA- openings in leaf allow exchange of water/gases GUARD CELLS- open & close stomata by changing shape Photosynthesis Animation Open Closed

IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- PIGMENTS -light absorbing colored molecules -found in thylakoids of chloroplast CHLOROPHYLL -major light absorbing pigment in plants -gathers sunlight -absorbs light in all wavelengths [violet-blue] -EXCEPT GREEN / Reflects GREEN

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1-TEMPERATURE Ex-molecule move quickly/speed up -temp 35C/95F destroy enzyme/rate 2-LIGHT INTENSITY Ex-reach max rate 3-CO2 CONCENTRATION Ex-increase 4-WATER Ex-shortage slows/stomata close -rate of gas exchange  5-MINERALS Ex-Mg/Nchlorophyll

PHASE ONE: LIGHT REACTIONS PHASE I- NAME: OCCURS IN: STARTS WITH: PRODUCES: light-dependent Light reactions thylakoids light energy H2O -O2 [wastes] -ATP / NADPH [energy/ fully charged]

PHASE ONE: LIGHT REACTIONS

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN photosystem II photosystem I

PHASE ONE: LIGHT REACTIONS PHOTOSYSTEM II ELECTRON CARRIER -convert ADP and NADP+ energy carriers ATP and NADPH PHOTOSYSTEM I -sunlight splits water molecules-H2O -releases oxygen gas- O2 [waste product] -excites electrons ~ e- gain ENERGY -H+ (protons) needed to make food [ATP synthesis]

PHASE ONE- ELECTRON TRANSPORT Visualizing Electron Transport

PHASE TWO: CALVIN CYCLE NAME: OCCURS IN: STARTS WITH: PRODUCES: The Calvin Cycle light-independent CALVIN CYCLE stroma ATP [energy] NADPH [high energy electrons] CO2 -GLUCOSE [6 carbon sugar] -ADP / NADP+ [uncharged ]

IMPORTANCE -O2 -GLUCOSE PHASE ONE/PHASE TWO IMPORTANCE -O2 -GLUCOSE

OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

COMPLETE DIAGRAM PHASE I/PHASE 2 -ATP -ADP -photosystem I -photosystem II -electron transport -Calvin cycle -light reactions -O2 -CO2 -H2O -C6H12O6 -NADP+ -thylakoid -stroma -CO2glucose -light reactions -Calvin cycle -light dependent -light independent -stroma -thylakoid -light energy -glucose/ADP/NADP+ -ATP/NADPH

PHASE ONE / PHASE TWO - DIAGRAM

PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHASES in CHLOROPLAST CO2 O2 C6H12O6 THYLAKOID STROMA NADP+ NADPH ADP ATP LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE -photosystem II -electron transport -photosystem I

PHASE ONE / PHASE TWO - DIAGRAM THYLAKOID STROMA H2O CO2 NADP+ Photo I Electron trans Photo II ADP LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE ATP NADPH O2 C6H12O6