Jacksonian Democracy Chapter 10, Section 1

Election of 1824  Several Republican candidates ran  Three were favorite sons (supported by home states rather than national party)  Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, & John Quincy Adams  No one candidate received majority of electoral vote  House prepared to vote to decide  Clay & Adams made an agreement to use Clay’s influence as Speaker of the House to help get Adam’s elected over Jackson  John Quincy Adams was elected president

Election of 1824

Political Parties 1828  Democratic Republicans  Supported Andrew Jackson  Favored states’ rights & mistrusted strong central government  Many Democrats were frontier people, immigrants, or city workers  National Republicans  Supported John Quincy Adams  Wanted strong central government  Supported federal measures, such as road building & a national bank, that would help the economy  Many were merchants or farmers

Two Candidates  John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams  Vs  Andrew Jackson

Election of 1828  Both parties resorted to mudslinging or attempts to ruin their opponents reputation  John C. Calhoun (Adam’s former VP) switched parties & sided with Jackson  Jackson won votes of frontier people & Southerners = won in a landslide

Election of

Election of 1828: State Results

What helped Jackson be elected?  Jackson became a national hero during the War of 1812  His nickname was “Old Hickory” because he was as tough as a hickory tree  Jackson was seen as a “common man” and small farmers, craft workers, & others supported him  Suffrage, or the right to vote, had been expanded  Property requirements for voting were relaxed or eliminated

Jackson’s Inauguration

Jackson Assassination Attempt Jackson Assassination Attempt

Spoils System  “To the Victor Goes the Spoils”  President Jackson replaced many federal workers with his supporters  Goal of the Democrats = shake up the federal bureaucracy  They thought ordinary citizens could handle any government job  Spoils System = practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

“To the Victor Goes the Spoils”

Kitchen Cabinet  Jackson put unqualified people in his Cabinet & did not meet with them  He met with other advisors in the kitchen of the White House.  These advisors became known as the Kitchen Cabinet

A Crisis Over Tariffs  Tariff: a fee paid by merchants who imported goods  Tariff of Abominations: name Southerners gave to the highest tariff ever  It was passed to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition (Americans were more likely to buy American-made goods)  South had to pay higher prices for European goods

How did the South Protest the Tariff?  V.P. John C. Calhoun argued that a state or a group of states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law it considered against state interests  Some Southerners call for Southern states to secede, or break away, from the U.S.  Nullification Crisis  Nullification: the idea that a state had the right to cancel a federal law it considered unconstitutional  Congress (1832) passed a new lower tariff & Pres. Jackson had Congress pass a Force Bill, allowing military action to enforce acts of Congress John C. Calhoun

Nullification Crisis olumbia.edu/ itc/history/fo ner/jacksoni an_america/ week5- second_part y/nullification.jpg