PHYSICAL SCIENCE Mrs. J. Zanolini CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

1.1 THE NATURE OF SCIENCE Is science: a set of FACTS? OR an ongoing PROCESS?

Let’s break down the other branches Life Sciences Biology Botany Zoology Anatomy Genetics Medicine Earth Sciences Geology Meteorology Oceanography Paleontology

? ? How do pure science and technology depend on each other?

A ________ is an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning. THEORY The KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY states that molecules are in constant motion. Use this theory to explain why the balloon takes the shape it does. Use the KINETIC theory to explain why the handle of a camp fork gets hot.

A _____ is a summary of a repeated observation & many experimental results. LAW

A MODEL is a _______ of an object or event. MODELS MAY BE: drawings mental pictures a set of rules physical objects computer pictures Identify some models in our classroom…. Identify some models outside our classroom A MODEL is a _______ of an object or event.

THE WAY SCIENCE WORKS 1.2

The Way Science Works 1.2 The most important scientific skill is learning to _________ ________.

It is a way of THINKING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD is a way to organize your thinking. Using the Scientific Method to improve your social life. After making observations… 1.Question 2.Collect Data 3.Hypothesis 4.Experiment – only one variable!!! All other conditions controlled!!! 5.Conclusion

It is using scientific TOOLS. Name some tools found in our classroom…

The Metric System

It is using the METRIC system of measurement. UNITTOOL LENGTH MASS VOLUME TEMPERATURE CLICK FOR A MEASUREMENT PRESENTATION: scientific-method-length-in-metric-system-video.htm

SI - International System of Units 1. Based on multiples of Common metric prefixes: a. mega- (M) x b. kilo- (k)1 000 x c. hecto- (h) 100 x d. deka- (da) 10 x e. deci- (d)0.1 x(1/10) f. centi- (c) 0.01 x (1/100) g. milli- (m) x (1/1000) h. micro- (u) x

Jason goes metric…

1.3 ORGANIZING DATA

LINE GRAPHS MOST OFTEN USED IN SCIENCE DISPLAY DATA THAT IS CHANGING TWO VARIABLES –_______________ x axis –_______________ y axis (depends on what happens) How to construct a line graph Making Science Graphs and Interpreting Data

BAR GRAPHS TO COMPARE DATA FOR INDIVIDUAL ITEMS

PIE CHARTS TO DISPLAY DATA THAT ARE PARTS OF A WHOLE

Accuracy or Precision? Accuracy vs. Precision –Accuracy – a statement of how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value. –Precision – a statement of how reproducible the measured results are.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST ACCURACY PRECISION WHICH WOULD YOU PREFER?

Scientific Notation What- a value written as a simple number multiplied by a power of 10. –The sun is 9.3 X 10 7 miles from earth. Why? – Very large or very small numbers are written this way as a form of number “shorthand”.

Scientific Notation What Is the Standard Form of These Tens?

Exponents of Ten Notice that the number of zeros matches the exponent number…

What is the Exponent Form? 500 = 5 x 10².008 = 8 x 10-³ 789 = 7.89 x 10²

Scientific Notation and Accuracy or is it Precision??? Why did mom use scientific notation? Is the word “accuracy” used properly here?

Significant Figures –The value reported for a measurement is rounded off so that it contains only the digits known with certainty plus one uncertain one which is the last digit. Significant Figure Rules –To determine the number of significant figures in a reported value, start at the left and count all digits beginning with the first non-zero digit. Examples: => 4 sig. fig. 10,200 => 5 sig. fig.

Significant Figures in Calculations –Addition & Subtraction: The number of decimal places in the answer should be equal to the number of decimal places in the value with the fewest decimal places. Significant Figures Example: g 3.72 g g g (4 decimal places) (2 decimal places) (3 decimal places) (2 decimal places)

Significant Figures in Calculations –Multiplication & Division: The number of significant figures in the answer should be the same as the value with the fewest significant figures. Significant Figures Example: mL x 1.7 g = 21 g mL 4 sig. fig.2 sig. fig. –Note: Definitions and counted numbers have an unlimited number of significant figures.

And now to prepare for the test… Know the branches of science. Understand how pure and applied science differ. Know how laws, theories, and models are alike and how they are different. Understand metric measurement: mass length, and volume. Types of graphs and variables. Accuracy, precision, scientific notation.