Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Matt Perkins Office of the Chief Statistician 11 th August 2009

SIMD Summary Background & Methodology Uses of SIMD & Results SIMD 2009

What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland The Index allows effective targeting of policies and funding where the aim is to wholly or partly tackle or take account of area concentrations of multiple deprivation

SIMD Background Robust methodology used across UK Administrative data sources Stable ‘data zone’ geography Combines individual indicators on income, employment, health, education, access, housing and crime into ‘domains’ and overall index rank Rank 1 = most deprived, 6,505 = least deprived The most deprived 976 areas are the 15% most deprived in Scotland and these tend to be the focus of policies and funding

SIMD 2006 Update to SIMD 2004 Improvements to methodology and data sources 7 subject areas / ‘domains’: 37 indicators New crime domain using 2004 crime data New public transport data Shows relative changes between SIMD 2004 and 2006

Domains and Weightings Domainsweight % of overall weightDomainsweight % of overall weight Current Income629Current Income1228 Employment629Employment1228 Health314Health614 Education, Skills and training314 Education, Skills and training614 Geographic Access and Telecommunications 210Geographic Access:49 ~ Drive times 0.75 ~ Public transport times 0.25 Housing Crime25

Uses of SIMD & Results

The index does … ….pick out area concentrations of multiple deprivation ….provide a ‘scale’ of deprivation ….work in rural areas See SIMD 2006 Guidance Leaflet for advice on appropriate use of the index The index does not… ….describe how much more deprived one area is than another ….make absolute comparisons over time, BUT individual indicators and the employment domain can be used ….measure affluence – least deprived areas are not necessarily ‘rich’ areas ….pick out deprived individuals - Not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas, and not all those living in deprived areas are deprived ….answer all deprivation questions

Distribution of employment deprived* population *Claiming Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance or on unemployment claimant count or New Deal participants. Not ‘worklessness’ and not ‘unemployed’

The index does … ….pick out area concentrations of multiple deprivation ….provide a ‘scale’ of deprivation ….work in rural areas See SIMD 2006 Guidance Leaflet for advice on appropriate use of the index The index does not… ….describe how much more deprived one area is than another ….make absolute comparisons over time, BUT individual indicators and the employment domain can be used ….measure affluence – least deprived areas are not necessarily ‘rich’ areas ….pick out deprived individuals - Not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas, and not all those living in deprived areas are deprived ….answer all deprivation questions

Individual Deprivation – an example Data zone S SIMD 2006Rank = 624

The index does … ….pick out area concentrations of multiple deprivation ….provide a ‘scale’ of deprivation ….work in rural areas See SIMD 2006 Guidance Leaflet for advice on appropriate use of the index The index does not… ….describe how much more deprived one area is than another ….make absolute comparisons over time, BUT individual indicators and the employment domain can be used ….measure affluence – least deprived areas are not necessarily ‘rich’ areas ….pick out deprived individuals - Not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas, and not all those living in deprived areas are deprived ….answer all deprivation questions

SIMD 2006 – Results Analysis for groups of data zones eg Local Authorities

SIMD 2006 Results – National Share* Local authority areas with the largest national share of the 15% most deprived in SIMD 2006 are –Glasgow City (34 per cent) –North Lanarkshire (9 per cent) –Edinburgh, City of (6 per cent) –South Lanarkshire (6 per cent) –Dundee City (5 per cent) –Fife (5 per cent) Eilean Siar, Moray, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands do not have any data zones in the SIMD % most deprived *The national share is the proportion data zones in the 15% most deprived for each Local Authority

SIMD 2006 – National Share SIMD 2004SIMD 2006 Data Zones in LA Data zones in 15% MD % National share Data zones in 15% MD % National share Glasgow City % % North Lanarkshire %848.6% Edinburgh, City of %636.5% South Lanarkshire %565.7% Dundee City %535.4% Fife %474.8% Inverclyde %424.3% Renfrewshire %363.7% North Ayrshire %333.4% West Dunbartonshire %333.4% East Ayrshire %282.9% *The national share is the proportion data zones in the 15% most deprived for each Local Authority

Key facts from overall SIMD 2006 Local authority areas with the largest local share of the 15% most deprived in SIMD 2006 are –Glasgow City (48 per cent) –Inverclyde (38 per cent) –Dundee City (30 per cent) –West Dunbartonshire (28 per cent) –Clackmannanshire (23 per cent) –North Lanarkshire (20 per cent) Eilean Siar, Moray, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands do not have any data zones in the SIMD % most deprived The local share is the proportion of data zones in a local authority area that are in the 15% most deprived

Local authority areas with more than 15 per cent local share of data zones in the 15% most deprived in the overall SIMD 2006 Local Authority Number of data zones in LA 15% most deprived data zones SIMD 2004SIMD 2006 No of data zones Local share (%) No of data zones Local share (%) Glasgow City Inverclyde Dundee City West Dunbartonshire Clackmannanshire North Lanarkshire East Ayrshire North Ayrshire Renfrewshire The local share is the proportion of data zones in a local authority area that are in the 15% most deprived in Scotland

What is available Hardcopy and online general report with initial analysis Online technical report Hardcopy and online guidance leaflet An online interactive mapping website An online Statistical Compendium of tables, charts and maps Online background data for SIMD 2006

Website: overview

Identifying deprivation issues out with the 15% most deprived

SIMD 2009 update Timetable Domains –indicators Outputs

Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC Data zone SAPE –Total population

Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Data zone SAPE –Working age population

Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use –Hospital Episodes related to drug use –Comparative Illness Factor –Emergency Admissions to Hospital –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight Methodological changes since 2004 Minor changes for 2009 Combined using factor analysis

Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People ages not in full time education Changes to 3 indicators NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000

Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Data zone SAPE –Total population No new indicators identified

Access to Services Domain Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office Population weighted based on COAs Factor analysis within sub-domains

What was published General report with initial analysis Technical report Guidance leaflet Interactive mapping website Statistical Compendium –tables, charts & maps Background data for SIMD 2006

Proposed Additional Output Change over time Local Authority level analysis Links with outcomes data More guidance Policy specific analysis

ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Matt Perkins Tel: Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: