Do Now: Identify and describe 5 positive and 5 negative features that appear in modern cities today.
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – IMMIGRATION IN THE GILDED AGE PUSH FACTORS – JOB LOSS / OVERCROWDING / RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION / GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION PULL FACTORS – POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / JOB OPPORTUNITIES/ AVAILABLE LAND / ADVENTURE OLD IMMIGRATION – NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – NEW IMMIGRATION – (1890 – WWI) SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE - ITALIANS, GREEKS, SLOVAKS, POLISH, RUSSIAN -NEW RELIGIONS -NEW LANGUAGES -UNSKILLED LABORERS GOVERNMENT RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION -CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT BAN ON CONTRACT LABOR - ELLIS ISLAND RESTRICTS IMMIGRANTS 1892 SUPPORTED BY: NATIVISTS, AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, LABOR UNIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISTS
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – MAJOR CITIES BECAME HOME TO MANY IMMIGRANTS AND AMERICAN FARMERS SUCH AS N.Y., PHILADELPHIA, BOSTON, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, NEW ORLEANS GROWTH OUTWARD AND UPWARD – USE OF STEEL RISE OF SUBURBS -PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION -ELEVATED TRAINS NYC – 1868TROLLEY CARS SAN FRANCISCO –1873 -THOSE WHO COULD AFFORD TRANSPORTATION WOULD MOVE BIRTH OF SKYSCRAPERS – ELISHA GRAVES OTIS - SAFETY DEVICE FOR PASSENGER ELEVATORS
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – CITIES DEVELOP SPECIALIZED DISTRICTS SUCH AS BANKS, LAW FIRMS, GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSES RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CITIES POVERTY, OVERCROWDING, NEGLECT, RISE OF SLUMS TENEMENT BUILDINGS OVERCROWDED APARTMENTS DANGER OF FIRES - GREAT CHICAGO FIRE – 1871/1874 UNSANITARY CONDITIONS/LACK OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS IN POOR AREAS LACK OF CLEAN WATER DISEASE SPREADS RAPIDLY
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – FORMS OF ESCAPE (NEW PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT) RISE IN NUMBER OF SALOONS AND SOCIAL CLUB MEETINGS CENTERS OF LOCAL INFORMATION MIXTURE OF VARIOUS BACKGROUNDS GROWTH OF AMUSEMENT PARKS VAUDEVILLE - LIVE THEATRICAL VARIETY SHOWS RISE OF SPECTATOR SPORTS SUCH AS BOXING, HORSE RACING, BASEBALL (MOST POPULAR), FOOTBALL, BASKETBALL NEWSPAPERS AS ENTERTAINMENT COMICS, ADVERTISING, STORIES, MAGAZINES (i.e. COSMO), THE RISE OF YELLOW JOURNALISM BIRTH OF RAGTIME AND JAZZ ORIGINATED AMONG BLACK MUSICIANS IN SOUTH
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – POLITICS IN CITY LIFE - NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS TAXES WENT UP & LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT WENT UP DOMINANCE OF POLITICAL BOSSES POLITICAL MACHINES WORKED TO GAIN VOTES IN ORDER FOR ONE POLITICAL GROUP TO STAY IN POWER PROMISE OF JOBS, HOUSING, SUPPORT FOR BUSINESSES IMMIGRANTS TARGETED BY POLITICAL MACHINES
The Growth of Cities and American Culture – POLITICS IN CITY LIFE – WILLIAM MARCY TWEED aka “BOSS” TWEED CONTROLLED TAMMANY HALL (DEMOCRATIC HUB OF POLITICS) GAINED IRISH VOTE IN NEW YORK CITY EXTENSIVE CORRUPTION IN POLITICS (GRAFT)