THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: WRITTEN DURING THE LONG, HOT SUMMER OF 1787— “THE MIRACLE AT PHILADELPHIA.

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Presentation transcript:

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: WRITTEN DURING THE LONG, HOT SUMMER OF 1787— “THE MIRACLE AT PHILADELPHIA

A Convention was called for in May of 1787 in the city of Philadelphia to REVISE the Articles of Confederation.

55 delegates from 12 states attended. (Rhode Island didn’t send any delegates)

A. George Washington 1.President of the Convention- seldom participating in the debates 2.Presided over Convention—lent “prestige” to the Convention B. James Madison 1.Known as the “Father of the Constitution” 2.Brilliant political thinker- authored VA Plan 3.Later Authored much of the Bill of Rights C. Benjamin Franklin attended—oldest, at 81 “The Players” (Founding Fathers)

IV. WHAT KIND OF GOVERNMENT DO WE WANT??? Debates!!! Compromises must be made!!

1. How do we keep the STATES happy? (They didn’t necessarily want to get rid of the Articles of Confederation) 2. How do we determine representation in Congress? 3. How do we settle the slavery dispute? 4. How do we set up this government- separate branches??? How many??? 5. How do we divide the power to ensure that no one branch becomes more powerful than the others? 6. What are we going to allow the government to be able to do? Are there any limits to their power? Key Issues: Questions to be answered!!

How do we resolve these issues or Find Resolution??? Federalism: 1)What is it? 2)Provide two examples: Concurrent Shared- collect taxes, set up courts and make laws National- coin money, raise an army States- license, education Power is divided between the state and federal government

The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise Virginia Plan  Written by James Madison presented by Edmond Randolph  Scrap the Articles of Confederation  Bicameral Legislature  2 Houses; both based on population (more people, more votes)  Legislative, executive, and judicial branches  Power to veto State legislatures  Able to tax citizens New Jersey Plan  (Small State Plan)  Unicameral system  1 House, 1 vote for each State; 13 votes for all measures  Legislative, executive, and judicial branches  No veto  Able to tax

The Great Compromise Connecticut Compromise Bicameral legislature Senate- 2 senators from each state House of Representatives- based on population Revenue bills would begin in the House

The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise The Three-Fifths Compromise SOUTHERN States WantedNORTHERN States Wanted

SOUTHERN STATES WANTED ?? Count slaves in determining representation NORTHERN STATES WANTED ?? If slaves were counted in representation they should be counted in taxation

T HE T HREE -F IFTHS C OMPROMISE For every 5 slaves that would be equal to 3 free people.

Us Government Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances 1) Legislative Branch- makes laws 2) Executive Branch enforces laws 3) Judicial Branch determines the constitutionality of the laws

Legislative BranchJudicial Branch Executive Branch 6. The U.S. Government is LIMITED (has only the powers the Constitution says it has

Next Activity With a partner you will use the Constitution which is in your text book pages to complete a matrix. The matrix has several questions, your job is to locate within the constitution the answer to the question. You must identify the Article and Section where you found the correct answer. We will do the first one together. You will turn this in.