Identify the important members, goals and conditions at the Constitutional Convention Analyze the compromises and winners and losers of the Constitution Convention

1.Articles of Confederation and why they fail 2.Convention facts and who is there 3.2 Compromises in the Convention 4.Principles – Federalism, Checks and Balances, Separation of Powers 5.7 Articles, powers for each branch 6.How a Bill Becomes a law 7.How to make an Amendment 8.Electoral College 9.Ratification – Feds vs Antifeds 10.Bill of Rights

How does voting work at this convention? –By state (like 2 nd Cont Congress) # of states needed to approve an issue? –7 of 12…simple majority The bigger # to worry about… –9 of 13 states have to ratify the Const!!

We know what is wrong with the Congress under the Articles of Confederation… This issue gets heated in the room and takes time and ______to solve –Compromises MUST BE MADE –Convention almost collapses on this issue

Index Card 5pts If this Convention fails we would…“become a reproach and by- word down to future ages. And what is worse, mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair of establishing governments by human wisdom, and leave it to chance, war and conquest.” What does Ben Franklin mean? Provide Context, Text, and Subtext

“Large State Plan” “___________ Congress” –Means? How is representation determined for each state? How is a representative picked for each house? –Lower house – popular election in that state –Upper house – nominations from state legislatures (questions here?)

Likes? –Big states (VA, PA, NY) Dislikes? –Small states (NJ & DE) Can this plan get 7 of 12 votes and then 9 of 13 ratifications?

“Small state plan” ____________ Congress –Means? How is representation determined for each state? How is a representative picked for the one house? –nominations from state legislatures… Where are the changes to the Articles of Confed?

Congress can… –Tax and regulate foreign and interstate commerce (why?) –Veto (prohibit from becoming law) any acts from state legislatures Fed vs States tug of war… VA Plan has 3 branches –Philosophe’s “recipe”? 

Close to VA Plan in some ways –Congress Can… Tax and regulate foreign and interstate commerce –Fed Gov = 3 Branches too Fed Gov vs States Tug of War? –States would still win!!

The Great Compromise –By Conn delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth VA and NJ Plans? How does Congress look?

Mixed Government!! –Every voice/class is heard Many examples in history of Mixed Government –USA Exec = one Senate = few House = many –England King = one Lords = few commons = many –Rome Consul = one Senate = few Plebians = many

What do the men at the 2 nd Constitution Convention think of slavery?

“Every master of slaves is born a petty tyrant. They bring the judgment of heaven upon a Country. As nations can not be rewarded or punished in the next world they must be in this. By an inevitable chain of causes and effects Providence punishes national sins, by national calamities.” (one of the largest slave owners in the USA!)

What do the men at the 2 nd Constitution Convention think of slavery? What do the men think about the future of slavery?

What do the men at the 2 nd Constitution Convention think of slavery? What do the men think about the future of slavery? What do they do about the future of slavery in  Is the Constitution a Pro or Anti-Slavery document?

The 2 views of it at the Convention? 1.Abolitionists want it gone (BF) 2.South must have it or no Const… “Every Republic in history had it.” (Athens, Rome, Sparta) 20% of USA Pop is slave –40% of South = slave

Article 1 Sec 2 Par 3Article 1 Sec 2 Par 3 –Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons

North wants each slave… –Taxed…why? South wants each slave… –To count in population… why?

Solution = –Each slave counts as 3/5ths of a person 3/5 th for population 3/5 th for taxes Bigger winner? –South

The 3/5 compromise artificially inflates the power of the south ‒ Slaves are counted as a fraction of a person but get 0 rights So a landowner in South Carolina with one slave now counts as 8/5 of a vote versus a landowner in NY who has a 5/5 vote.

Article 1 Sec 9 Par 1Article 1 Sec 9 Par 1 –“The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.” Article 5…Article 5… –…provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article… firstfourthfirstfourth

The Convention wrote in the Constitution for the debate to be put off for 20 yearsThe Convention wrote in the Constitution for the debate to be put off for 20 years Only in 20 years can Congress talk about abolishing the slave tradeOnly in 20 years can Congress talk about abolishing the slave trade –South got their way again A certain topic of slavery was not written in the Constitution, which is a problem (loophole)A certain topic of slavery was not written in the Constitution, which is a problem (loophole)

North states = 35 Reps South states = 30 Reps 2/3 rd Representatives are needed to Propose an amendment in the House (where they start) –What does this mean for slavery? How else does the South win because of the artificial increase in House Reps?

People did their part to fight slavery –1777 – Republic of Vermont –1780 – MA and PA –1784 – CT and RI –1799 – NY…LATE –1804 – NJ…LATE