Name: Dr. Cathal Doyle Twitter: Website: cathaldoyle.comcathaldoyle.com

 How was it?  Do you understand what we are doing?  Tutorial Time

 “To become different”  “To make (someone or something) different”  “To become something else” Merriam Webster Dictionary

 “The only thing that is constant is change” – Heraclitus (Greek philosopher)  “There is nothing more difficult and dangerous, or more doubtful of success, than an attempt to introduce a new order of things in any state” – MachiavelliMachiavelli  “It is not the strongest or the most intelligent who will survive but those who can best manage change” – Charles Darwin

 Society is constantly changing based on people, the introduction of new laws (processes), and technologies  For example, how did the invention of the wheel impact society?  Or how did the introduction of drink driving laws impact society?

Source

 This module covers the fundamental concepts of change resulting from the implementation of information systems (IS), and the role of systems analysis in managing change within organisations

 IS:  SAD:  SDLC:  Systems Analyst: Information System(s) Systems Analysis and Design Systems Development Life Cycle IS professionals who specialise in analysing and designing information systems

 We must first understand what information is  Then we need to understand what a system is  This will help us form our understanding of what constitutes an IS

 Information has become an important commodity such as land, and labour  Organisations use it to increase productivity, deliver products and services, and to make decisions

 Data:  Information: Raw facts Data that has been processed, and useful to human beings

 A collection of interrelated parts that work together to achieve one or more common purposes

 An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, retrieve, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization  It involves people, process, and technologypeople, process, and technology

 Founded in 1994  Website went live in 1995  Only sold books

“To be the earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything that they might want to buy, and endeavors to offer its customer the lowest possible prices”

 Amazon is no longer just a seller of products, it is now also a seller of services, and a designer of products  Amazon resells products such as books, DVDs, food, baby products, electronics, …  Amazon sells services for movie streaming, cloud storage, e-book subscription services  Amazon designs and sells tablets, and e-book readers

 Founded in 1975  Predominantly involved in creating software  Now creates hardware and software

 Steve Ballmer on iPhone Steve Ballmer on iPhone  Steve Ballmer on iPad Steve Ballmer on iPad  Steve Ballmer on regret Steve Ballmer on regret

"Only two things are infinite: The universe and human stupidity. And I am not so sure about the former." Albert Einstein

A group of scientists placed 5 monkeys in a cage and in the middle, a ladder with bananas on the top.

Every time a monkey went up the ladder, the scientists soaked the rest of the monkeys with cold water.

After a while, every time a monkey went up the ladder, the others beat up the one on the ladder.

After some time, no monkey dare to go up the ladder regardless of the temptation.

Scientists then decided to substitute one of the monkeys. The 1 st thing this new monkey did was to go up the ladder. Immediately the other monkeys beat him up.

After several beatings, the new member learned not to climb the ladder even though never knew why.

A 2 nd monkey was substituted and the same occurred. The 1 st monkey participated on the beating for the 2 nd monkey. A 3 rd monkey was changed and the same was repeated (beating). The 4 th was substituted and the beating was repeated and finally the 5 th monkey was replaced.

What was left was a group of 5 monkeys that even though never received a cold shower, continued to beat up any monkey who attempted to climb the ladder.

If it was possible to ask the monkeys why they would beat up all those who attempted to go up the ladder….. I bet you the answer would be…. “I don’t know – that’s how things are done around here” Does it sounds familiar?