Introduction to Computers Authors: Dr. Ahmad Dalala Mohammad AlZou'bi Ahmad Abusalama Khaled Dijani Prepared by: Mohammad Al-Zo’ubi Chapter One

In This Chapter General IT Concepts Computer Hardware Types of Software Information Networks The Use of Computer in our life 2

Computer Definition A programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic and logical operations.programmablemachine  Computer 3

Types of Computers Mainframe used for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing Desktop Laptop PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) 4

Computer System  Computer Hardware:  Physical (tangible) parts of a computer and related devices.  Computer Software:  Programs and applications (Intangible) that run on computer, and tell the computer what to do. 5

 Computer 1.Hardware a.CPU i.ALU ii.CU b.Main Memory i.RAM ii.ROM c.Storage Devices i.Hard Drive ii.Floppy Disk iii.CD/ DVD iv.Flash d.Peripheral Devices i.Input Devices ii.Output Devices 2.Software a.System Software (Window XP, Windows 7) b.Applications Software - Office (2003, 2007, 2010) - Adope Photoshop Computer System 6

Computer System (Hardware) 7

Computer System (Software) System Software Application Software 8

Input Devices  Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Mouse Keyboard Microphone Scanner 9

Input Devices Light Pen Touchpad  Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Trackball Digital Camera 10

CPU  CPU (Central Processing Unit) - This is the brain of the computer. It processes everything from basic instructions to complex functions. - Two typical components of a CPU are: 1.The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. 2.The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory, decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. - The CPU can also be referred to "processor." 11

CPU Speed  CPU (Central Processing Unit) - CPU speed is measured by the number of completed instruction cycles per second. - CPU speeds range from 600 megahertz (MHz or million cycles per second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second). 12

The Functions of CPU  The Functions of the Central Processing Unit:  Performing calculations.  Controlling logic.  Immediate access memory.  Coordinating other function. 13

Main Memory  RAM (Random Access Memory)  ROM (Read Only Memory) - A computer memory that can permanently store data and applications within it. - It holds the basic programs that make the computer ready to work. - A memory device in which information can be accessed in any order. - The results of your work are stored temporarily in RAM. - RAM is inexpensive. - RAM can be reused many times by your computer. - RAM is also volatile. 14

Memory Size  Binary System - What is a bit?  Bit stands for Binary Digit.  A Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer uses.  A bit equals either 1 or 0.  Bit = a value = have a value means 1, or don’t have a value means 0.  A bit is like a switch  On means 1  Off means 0  Computer understands machine language. Bit = 0 OR 1 Byte = 8 bits Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes. Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes. Gigabyte = 1024 Megabytes. Terabyte = 1024 Gigabytes. 15

Memory Size Divide > BitByte Kilo Byte KB Mega Byte MB Giga Byte GM Tera Byte TB < Multiply 16

Example - How many ????  10 Bytes  ( ) Bits  10 Megabytes  ( ) Kilobytes  15 Megabytes  ( ) Bits 17

Storage Devices  Hard Drive - The hard drive stores all your data. - A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, - It can hold over 100 GB of data. - There are 2 types of hard drive:  Internal hard drive  External hard drive 18

Storage Devices  Internal hard drive  External hard drive - An external hard drive sits outside the main computer tower. - The external hard drive is connected to the computer via a high-speed interface cable. - It allows the user to back up or store important information separate from the main internal hard drive. 19

Storage Devices  CD / DVD - A type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data  USB Flash - A data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. - USB flash drives are removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. 20

Storage Devices  Zip Disk -A computer hardware device that stores data. -It holds around 100 megabytes of data. - A soft magnetic disk. - Floppy Disk is portable. - Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks. - have less storage capacity.  Floppy Disk 21

Output Devices Monitor  Output Devices (output the information from the computer) Plotter Printer 22

Computer Software  Software - Programs and applications (Invisible) that run on computer, and tell the computer what to do.  There are 2 types of Software: 1.System Software -The software that provide the basic functions of the computer to run. -System software is Operating Systems. -Examples (Windows XP, Windows 7, Mac, Unix, MS-Dos) 2.Application Software -The software that is written for specific reason. -Examples (Office 2007, Photoshop, 3D Max) 23

Computer Software System Software CompanyExample Microsoftwindows XP, Vista, and windows 7 Many developersUnix-like MicrosoftDOS AppleMac OS 24

Computer Software Applications Software SoftwareFunctionExample Accounting Software Tracking credits, debits, and other accounting data Microsoft ERP Web BrowsingViewing contents of web sitesMicrosoft Internet Explorer Desktop Publishing Creating newsletters, magazines, and other documents suitable for printing Microsoft Publisher PresentationCreating slide show and other speaker aids Microsoft PowerPoint 25

Computer Software Applications Software SoftwareFunctionExample Word ProcessingWriting letters, reports and other documents Microsoft Word Spread SheetCarrying out financial, engineering, and other calculations. Microsoft Excel DatabaseStoring informations such as sales, customer addresess, and inventory. Microsoft Access Oracle Sending, receiving, and storing electroinc s. Microsoft Outlook 26

Network Definition  Network - A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware resources between many users. 27

Types of Networks  LAN (Local Area Network) - A communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area, for example (across a room, building, or a cluster of buildings). 28

Types of Networks  MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - A communications network that covers a geographic area such as a town, city or suburb 29

Types of Networks  WAN (Wide Area Network) - A long-distance communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a state or country. 30

The Benefits of the Networks  Hardware Sharing -Share expensive hardware such as printer and plotter.  Better Communication -Enable communication programs such as and instant messaging.  Application Sharing -Run applications on server instead of installing them on computer individually.  Shared Knowledge -Share important files and information between users. 31

Computers in our life  E- Mail  E- Commerce  E- Government  E- Learning  Education  Personal Use 32