When space turned around, the earth heated When space turned over, the sky reversed When the sun appeared standing in shadows To cause the light to make bright the moon, When the Pleiades are small eyes in the night, From the source in the slime was the earth formed From the source in the dark was darkness formed From the depths of the darkness, darkness so deep Darkness of day, darkness of night Of night alone Did night give birth Born was Kumulipo in the night, a male Born was Po’ele in the night, a female Born the coral polyp Born of him a coral colony emerged… pp. 3-4, Johnson, R.K., The Kumulipo: Hawaiian hymn of creation. Vol. 1. Topgallant Publishing Co., Ltd., Honolulu, HI.

Michelle Smith

Instructor’s Office Location & Hours Imiloa 136 M 12:45-2:30, W 10:30-11:30 or by apt.

Sec TR 10-11:15 Hale ‘Imiloa 117

123

Class Policies Attendance: Mandatory Come Prepared: Read assignments Review lecture notes and outlines

Please turn it off before arriving to class! Cell Phones

Introduction to the biology, ecology and geology of stony corals and the reef structures they build. Topics include, but not limited to, the following: Photobiology Biochemistry Physiology Reproduction Ecology Reef formation Biogeography and evolution of stony corals Human interaction with its ocean resources

By the end of this course the student should: understand and appreciate the special characteristics of coral reef environments, especially Hawaiian reefs. understand ecological principles associated with coral reefs. describe vertebrates and invertebrates associated with coral reefs. develop an understanding of how coral reefs are threatened and what we can do to protect them.

Upon completion of this course the student will be able to: understand the process of scientific inquiry understand the difference between hypotheses, theories and laws in science understand the classification process and be able to classify organisms into different kingdoms and phyla

Demonstrate an understanding of the biology of scleractinian corals (with an emphasis on Hawaiian corals): systematics & classification soft tissue morphology and cytology skeletal morphology endosymbiosis with zooxanthellae modes of feeding reproduction environmental factors that influence growth and distribution, and evolution

Describe the ecological relationships among the living components of coral reef communities and their interactions with the physical environment : food webs predator-prey relationships competitors for common resources symbiotic associations zonation

Describe the balance between framework building, erosion and cementation that contributes to reef formation and geomorphology. Describe the types of reefs and the processes that shape them Discuss the resources that coral reefs provide, especially to Pacific island nations and states.

Discuss the impacts of human activities on coral reefs and the significance of these impacts to Pacific island nations and states, for example: overfishing species introductions point & nonpoint source pollution global warming and ozone depletion

ATTENDANCE: Mandatory for legitimate absence 10 points Unexcused absence deduction of 1 points

Review Session You ask questions Jeopardy game Coral Reproduction Broadcast spawning BroodingAsexual Repro Sexual Repro Potluck

points each Non cumulative 50 multiple choice questions Book questions included on exams Closed book, but allowed 1-sided 3x5 note card EXAMINATIONS:

Bring your own scantron At bookstore 6 for $1.25

Missed Exam Policy No retest unless a legitimate reason Take exam next class time Contact your instructor ( )!

1. 4 assignments worth up to 5 percentage points toward your exam. Due at each exam. Last one due 1 week early. 2. Attend a lecture at Waikiki Aquarium, Hanauma Bay Education Center, participate in a beach or algae cleanup… 3. Review an article related to class content (e.g., Discover magazine, National Geographic, local paper…). Internet Journals O.K. 4. Write a 1 page summary-reaction paper, typed, double spaced, size 12 font. Attach article to paper (photocopy or cut it out).

GRADES: Attendance 10 pts Exams points each)90 pts Total 100 pts points No plus or minus final grades Grade cutoffs: A = above 90% B = 80%-89% C = 70%-79% D = 60%-69% F = below 59%

Read text and outlines Review lecture notes as often as possible Study in groups Hand in material on time Ask questions

Cheating Plagiarism See student handbook on conduct code or

What is a Coral?