BA 8/16 1. What is the Proclamation of 1763? What is its importance? 2. Who were the Sons of Liberty? 3. Why were the Committees of Correspondence created? 4. What were the 3 parts of the Intolerable Acts? (4 th Block) 5. What was Paine’s reason for writing Common Sense?

BA 8/13 In a paragraph, explain what this sentence means to you and if you agree with it: “We hold these truths to be obvious, that all men are created equal, that they are granted by their Creator with certain guaranteed Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Since you are writing a paragraph, you do NOT have to write the question!!

Revolutionary War Chapter 4 Sections 2-4 SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jefferson. b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette. c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge. d. Explain the role of geography at the Battle of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.

Declaration of Independence 1776: Continental Congress decides to break away from Britain “These United Colonies are, and of a right ought to be, free and independent States” Continental Congress appoints committee to prepare formal declaration explaining reasons for colonies’ actions Thomas Jefferson chosen to write Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Heming and Jefferson descendants 2001

Thomas Jefferson Wrote Declaration using philosophy of John Locke 3 beliefs of Locke: 1. People enjoy “natural rights” to life, liberty, & property Jefferson: Life, Liberty, & the Pursuit of Happiness 2. Government granted power from people they govern 3. People can alter or eliminate any government that threatens individual rights Colonists: King George III violated American rights

Declaration of Independence continued Declaration states: “all men are created equal” Meant free, male citizens Did not include women, Native Americans, & slaves July 4, 1776: colonies unanimously adopt Declaration of Independence & break from England Leads to Revolutionary War

Revolutionary War Not all colonists want to break free from Britain Colonists split into 2 groups: 1. Loyalists: favor King & don’t want to break free 2. Patriots: want American independence & join the Continental Army Ex: Sons & Daughters of Liberty Many thought war wouldn’t last long 2.5 million colonists vs. 10 million powerful British England had world’s best army & navy Lots of money, troops, & boats

BA 1/16 1. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 2. What were Locke’s 3 beliefs used in the Declaration of Independence? 3. What date represents the signing of the Declaration? 4. Who was commander of the Continental Army? (4 th Block ONLY)

General George Washington

Commander of Continental Army Stood 6’2” tall Excelled at turning discouraged men into fighting troops Fought with troops on front line, lived in same awful conditions, and suffered with his soldiers

BA 8/14 1. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 2. What were Locke’s 3 beliefs used in the Declaration of Independence? 3. What date represents the signing of the Declaration? 4. Who was commander of the Continental Army? 5. Describe conditions at Valley Forge. (3 rd Block)

Valley Forge Continental Army’s winter camp Outside Philadelphia, PA Home to troops when British took control of PA Little supplies, food, & housing Poorly dressed and underfed patriots freezing in snow covered huts

Valley Forge continued Soldiers suffered from hypothermia & frostbite 2,500 deaths and many limbs amputated Low point of war for Washington & troops Many deaths and desertion

Albigense Waldo at Valley Forge “Here comes a bowl of beef soup full of dead leaves and dirt. There comes a soldier. His bare feet are seen through his worn-out shoes-his legs nearly naked from the tattered remains of an only pair of stocking-his Breeches (pants) are not sufficient to cover his nakedness-his shirt hanging in strings-his hair disheveled-his face meager.”

Crossing the Delaware 5 months into war, Washington & Continental Army badly losing war Only 8,000 of 23,000 troops remained Patriots losing hope & think about quitting Washington plans surprise attack to boost troops’ hopes December 25, 1776, Washington leads 2,400 men in small rowboats across freezing Delaware River to Trenton, NJ After landing, march in night 9 miles through snow and sleet

Crossing the Delaware Trenton: 1000 German mercenaries protecting British fort Mercenary: soldier who fights for money Washington gets first Patriot victory in war Kills 30, captures 918, and gains 6 cannons Result: Boosts troop morale & they continue fighting

Washington crossing DE

French Alliance France still angry after losing French-Indian War Secretly sending weapons to Patriots since 1776 Wants to humiliate England 1778: France creates alliance with Americans Due to Benjamin Franklin’s meeting in France Offer troops, supplies, weapons, & military training

French Alliance French commanders turn Patriots into a professional army Stand at attention, execute field maneuvers, fire & reload quickly, and use bayonets Patriots grow stronger with help of Marquis de Lafayette

Von Steuben

Marquis de Lafayette

French aristocrat who volunteers to help train Continental Army Importance of Lafayette: 1. Helps Washington plan attacks 2. Pushes France for more reinforcements

Lord Cornwallis British general who attacks southern colonies More Loyalists in South than North Leads army of Redcoats (British troops) and 1000s of runaway slaves British promised freedom to all slaves if England won Cornwallis captures much of south

Lord Cornwallis

Battle of Yorktown Yorktown: peninsula located in Virginia Cornwallis wants to build camp in Yorktown & take over VA At same time, French reinforcements arrive in RI 6,000 troops and 30 naval ships

Battle of Yorktown continued Lafayette suggests French & US troops attack Cornwallis at Yorktown Washington and Lafayette surround Cornwallis and British troops British forced to surrender Result: Americans win Revolutionary War

Naval assistance

Siege of Yorktown

BA 1/20 1. Why was the French alliance important to the Revolutionary War? 2. Why was Marquis de Lafayette important? 3. Which British general attacked the southern colonies during the Revolutionary War? 4. What was the last major battle in the Revolutionary War?

Treaty of Paris 1783 Peace talks after Revolutionary War Includes United States, Great Britain, France, and Spain John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, & John Jay sent to negotiate treaty for US

3 Effects of 1783 Treaty 1. US granted independence 2. US gains all land east of Mississippi River & from Maine to Georgia 3. British businesses receive money owed 4. Loyalists able to sue for lost property