Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes.

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleic Acids

What you need to know! See Carbon Notes

Nucleic Acids Consists of C, H, N, O, P 3 types:DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA – Ribonucleic Acid ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate Different functions –DNA: hereditary information –RNA: production of proteins –ATP: energy molecule of cells

Monomer = Nucleotide Nucleotide made of 3 different parts 1.Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose in RNA & ATP) 2.Phosphate group 3.Nitrogenous Base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

ATP ATP is a nucleotide; it does not exist as a macromolecule/polymer

Nitrogenous Bases Come in 2 groups: 1.Pyrimidines (single ring): Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U) 2.Purines (double ring): Adenine (A), Guanine (G)

Macromolecule/Polymer - Polynucleotide a.Condensation Rx between sugars and Phosphates forming Phosphate-Sugar- Backbone through Phosphodiesterbonds –DNA double stranded helix (antiparallel ***not mirror image***) –RNA single stranded

DNA Double stranded : –Hydrogen bonds form between opposing nitrogenous bases –A Purine always pairs with a Pyrimidine –2 purines make DNA too wide, 2 pyrimidines too narrow

Bases Purine pairs with Pyrimidine Apairs withT(2 Hyrdrogen Bonds) Gpairs withC(3 Hydrogen Bonds) No T in RNA –Thymine is replaced by Uracil

DNA Organization Eukaryotic: DNA is wound 2x around proteins called Histones forming Nucleosome beads

DNA Organization Prokaryotic DNA is “naked” no histones or nucleosomes –Free floating