Pre – AP Biology Molecules of Life (2.4) Part 1. Dehydration & Hydrolysis reactions involving monomers & polymers.

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Presentation transcript:

Pre – AP Biology Molecules of Life (2.4) Part 1

Dehydration & Hydrolysis reactions involving monomers & polymers

Carbohydrate Monomer Molecular Structures Remember, Stored Hydrogen = Energy

Carbohydrate Polymers Starch – stored plant sugars Glycogen – stored animal sugars

Cellulose of plant cell walls

Chitin

Lipids

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction to make Lipids Compare the number of Hydrogen in a lipid to that in a Carbohydrate

Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Phospholipid structure

Cell Membranes See the phospholipid bi-layer? See the cholesterol too?

Waxes Alcohol + Oil

Steroid Structure

Atherosclerosis Normal artery on left Clogged artery on right (See the cholesterol plaques on the inside?)

Pre – AP Biology Molecules of Life (2.4) Part 2

Proteins

Some Amino Acids Can you spot the amine functional groups? Can you spot the carboxyl functional groups?These are Hydrophobic

Some more Amino Acids These are Hydrophilic (Why?)

Answer Because the have charges – positive, negative, both (polar)

Peptide Bonding What type of chemical reaction is occurring to make this polymer?

Insulin protein: Primary 1’ sequence See the sequence of amino acids?

Sickle Cell Disease The sixth amino acid has been changed in the primary sequence

2’ structure The Hydrogen bonding gives the protein flexibility.

3’ Structure Notice the sulfur. Remember, sulfhdryl functional groups?

4’ Structure in a Red Blood cell

Protein’s Natural Form

Denaturation of a protein What bonds do you think broke allowing this to happen?

Answer: Hydrogen Remember, they are weak bonds.

Nucleic Acid Structure

Complimentary Base Pairing Always a pyrimidine paired with a purine

Double Helix of DNA

Watson and Crick with their model of DNA What are scientific model for again?

Answer: To help explain concepts visually which are hard to see in real life.

Genes and Evolution How many are in common versus different?