Chapter 15 The West and the Changing World Balance

I. Introduction Europe slowly started to come out of the dark ages in the 1300’s Europe slowly starts to become dominate in the world Everything else started to fall apart Reactionary due to external factors

II. Decline of Old World Order Middle East and Eastern Europe Byzantium was a major power in Eastern Europe but slowly began to fall until 1453 at the hands of the Turks Caliphate/ Baghdad fell to the Mongols in 1258 which kept Islam from having substantial unified power Islam left luxury for piety and a religious focus Islamic trade starts to decrease creating an opening

II. Decline of Old World Order Asia Mongol Rule fell to the Ming Dynasty China took Arab spot as leaders of trade Admiral Zhenghe- Chinese Muslim Eunuch who had a huge trade fleet and army of 28,000 Confucian bureaucrats disliked him China eventually backed out of trade Left only Western Europe to take over

III. Rise of Western Europe Catholic Church was under attack Wycliffe & Hus (pre-Luther) People started to think for themselves and not listen to just the Pope Secularism Warrior Aristocrats favored tournaments over real battle Plague and famine caused general upheaval

III. Rise of Western Europe Crusades Europeans saw the luxury goods of Asia Lacked high valued goods to trade Had to pay in gold Colonialism Needed gold to pay for luxury goods Looked for ways to the Indies

III. Rise of Western Europe Colonialism Needed gold for luxury goods Had to go look for it Were afraid of Muslims who controlled trade routes Looked for alternative routes to the Indies Vasco Da Gama- 1 st European to reach India by sea Henry the Navigator- sponsored 1/3 of Portugal’s voyages Columbus- “discovered” new world due to miscalculating the circumference of the world

III. Rise of Western Europe Renaissance Started in Italy Revival of the arts and education Realism in art Increase in literacy and the study of classics Sciences follow later goes hand in hand with the Reformation

IV. The Others Issues in America Aztecs and Incas political power dwindled Aztecs brutality made them unpopular with other groups Incas over extended themselves Vulnerable to outside invasion

IV. The Others Polynesia Polynesians reached Hawaii in large war canoes and migrated to the islands Brought pigs over to Hawaii Isolated from 1400 to 1778 Maori Inhabited New Zealand Much colder Most elaborate of Polynesians

V. The Wrap Up The Europeans were reinstated as a world power by…….. Aliens

V. The Wrap Up The Europeans lucked out World powers left a power vacuum Things worked out for the Europeans as they took advantage of new opportunities