2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2 Essential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood? What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory system?

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3 Transportation What does the blood transport? Oxygen, CO2, nutrients, hormones, waste products Why is this an important function? Vital for function

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4 Regulation How does the blood regulate heat? Circulates excess heat to surface How does the blood regulate acid/base balance? Buffers and amino acids; pH 7.4

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5 Protection What function of the blood serve to protect the body? Circulates antibodies and defensive cells; produces clots to prevent excessive bleeding. What is the relevance to health?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6 Functions of the blood components Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Plasma 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 7 Plasma Cellular elements

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8 Erythrocytes What are the functions of erythrocytes? Transport O2 to tissue and some CO2 away from tissues hemo= blood globin= protein What is the function of hemoglobin? Oxygen carrying part of erythrocytes

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9 Erythrocytes hemolysis  What is it? Rupture/breakdown of RBC’s  Where does it occur? Transfusion reaction  What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? 120days What happens to old erythrocytes? Removed by spleen or hemolyzed Starts here

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10 Rh factor

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11 Leukocytes What is the function of leukocytes? Defend against injury and disease Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12 Leukocytes Agranulocytes  Lymphocytes-helps at site  of inflammation  Monocytes-phagocytosis of  cellular debris and foreign  particles

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13 Leukocytes Granulocytes  Neutrophils-contributes to pus formation  Eosinophils-helps with allergic attacks  Basophils- phagocytosis and inflammatory response(mast cell)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 14 Inflammation

Tissues subject to chemical or physical trauma (cut or heat)/pathogenic microogranism Symptoms: redness, local heat, swelling, pain Histamine released from basophil-  increased blood flow to area-  blood plasma and fibrinogen enter damaged area  area walled off  neutrophils begin phagocytosis of pathogen  pus forms(dead tissue, dead/living bacteria, dead leukocytes, blood plasma) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16 Inflammation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 17 Thrombocytes  What is the composition of thrombocytes? Made of megakaryoctyes/fragment s  What is their function? Clotting process

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 18 Thrombocytes

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 19 Blood types

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 20 Blood types  Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies)  A B AB O Who can receive type O blood?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 21 Rh factor

Erythroblastosis Fetalis Hemolytic disease of newborn RH- mother pregnant with RH+ fetus  mothers blood can develolp anti-Rh antibodies to fetus’s Rh antigens  1 st born child no problems  other pregnancies will result in mother’s accumulated anti-Rh antibodies will clump baby’s RBC’s 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 22

TREATMENT RHO Gam  given to Rh- mother within 72 hours after delivery of each baby-antibodies in RHO gam will destroy any Rh+ cells of baby’s which may have entered mother’s blood stream; therefore mother’s immune system will not be stimulated to produce antibodies 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 23

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 24 Blood Disorders Anemia Review the symptoms of anemia. Discuss why these symptoms occur.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 25 Blood disorders

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 26 Blood disorders

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 27 Blood disorders Review the symptoms of hemophilia. Discuss why these symptoms occur.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 28 Blood disorders Leukemia Leukemia What is leukemia? Review the symptoms of leukemia. Discuss why these symptoms occur.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 29 Blood disorders Multiple myeloma What is multiple myeloma? What are the symptoms? How is it treated?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 30 Blood disorders Polycythemia What is polycythemia? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Plasma Cellular elements

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 31 Blood disorders Septicemia

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 32 Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia What is sickle cell anemia? What are the symptoms? How is it treated?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 33 What are the functions of the heart?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 34 Functions of the heart Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 35 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What do pumps do? How does this relate to heart function?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 36 Hear the beat!

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 37 Blood Pressure FYI Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE  Measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE  Measured when the ventricles are relaxed What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 38 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric! Explain the electrical activity of the heart.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 39 It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction system.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 40 Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase Baseline of an EKG is a flat line: P = Atrial contraction QRS = Ventricular contraction T = Ventricular relaxation

EKG 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 41

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 42 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric!

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 43 Functions of the heart Transportation What does the heart transport? What is involved in the transportation process? How is this a circulatory system function?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 44 The transportation process Discuss systemic circulation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 45 The transportation process Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body (Schematic of systemic circulation)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 46 The transportation process Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation Compare Systemic Circulation To Cardiopulmonary Circulation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 47 Systemic Circulation is a part of the cardiovascular system which is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Pulmonary Circulation is a part of the cardiovascular system which is responsible for carrying de-oxygenated from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart for it to transfer the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 48 Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES  What are the functions of arteries?  What are the characteristics of arteries?  Which direction do arteries flow?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 49 Vessels of the circulatory system Describe arterial blood.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 50 Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS  What is the function of arteries?  What are the characteristics of arteries?  Which direction do arteries flow?  Compare arterial and venous blood.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 51 Vessels of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 52 Vessels of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 53 Vessels of the circulatory system Capillaries What is the function of capillaries? What happens if this action is obstructed?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 54 Remember Pulse Sites? Where do they come from?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 55

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 56 Circulatory disorders Aneurysm

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 57 Circulatory disorders Angina pectoris

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 58 Circulatory disorders Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm BRADYCARDIA  Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) TACHYCARDIA  Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 59 Circulatory disorders Arteriosclerosis

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 60 Circulatory disorders Atherosclerosis

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 61 Circulatory disorders Coronary artery disease

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 62 Circulatory disorders Hypertension  What is hypertension?  What factors influence the development of hypertension?  How is it treated?  Why is it called the “silent killer?”

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 63 Circulatory disorders Heart failure

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 64 Circulatory disorders Murmurs

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 65 Circulatory disorders Myocardial infarction

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 66 Circulatory disorders Peripheral vascular disease

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 67 Circulatory disorders Pulmonary edema

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 68 Circulatory disorders Transient ischemic attack

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 69 Circulatory disorders Varicose veins Prevention  Wear sunscreen  Elevate legs when resting  Wear elastic support stockings  Eating fiber diets  Exercise  Weight control

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 70 Circulatory disorders Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 71 Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory system plays a vital role in homeostasis  Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems