Chapter 13 AN AGE OF EXPANSIONISM

Territorial Expansion by the Mid-Nineteenth Century

The Texas Revolution ► 1820s: Americans encouraged to move into Texas ► 1835: Armed rebellion broke out against Mexico

Santa Anna

Stephen F. Austin ► Led settlement of Texas in 1820s

The Republic of Texas ► March, 1836: Texans declared independence

Sam Houston ► 1 st President of Texas

Texas Revolution

The Mormon Trek ► Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints founded by Joseph Smith, 1830  After Smith murdered, Brigham Young became leader  Moved Mormons to Great Salt Lake in Utah

Western Trails

Tyler, Polk, and Texas ► 1841: John Tyler (Whig) became president after William Henry Harrison’s death ► 1845: James K. Polk (Democrat) became president  Supported annexation of Texas in 1845

The Election of 1844

The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny ► "Manifest Destiny" – John O’ Sullivan (1845)  God wants the U.S., His chosen nation, to become stronger  Americans make new territories free and democratic  Growing American population needs land

Northwest Boundary Dispute

War with Mexico: Outbreak ► Texan claim to area between Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers not recognized by Mexico ► 1846: Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor into disputed area ► 1847: General Winfield Scott occupied Mexico City

Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor

Wilmot Proviso ► Proposal to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico ► Raises important question: Will slavery be allowed in new territory/states?

February, 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Railroads, 1850 and 1860

Immigration to the United States, 1820–1860