 Unrest was fueled by › Continuous food shortages › Military Setbacks › Rumors of Royalist Conspiracies

 The Monarchy Ends in 1792  Georges Danton- Newly appointed Minister of Justice  Rumors begin spreading –imprisoned nobles and other traitors were conspiring to defeat the revolution › Violence Erupts in the streets –leaving thousands dead › A new leader emerges – Jean-Paul Marat – Published the radical journal, Friend of the People

 After 1789 – Citizens form political clubs. › Girondins Club- Feared the mobs and leaned toward keeping the king alive › Jacobins Club- Wanted the king executed  Mountain – Represented the interests of radicals in Paris.  King is beheaded on the guillotine.

 Pressure to adopt more radical measures: Price controls on food, Universal Male Suffrage  A coalition from Austria, Spain, Prussia, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic take up arms against France  Looked like the revolution could be destroyed

 The National Convention gives the Committee of Public Safety broad powers. › Dominated by Georges Danton then by › Maximilien Robespierre (Jacobin) For a Year the Committee of Public Safety took control of the government Committee adopted policies that became known as the Reign of Terror

 Throughout France 40,000 people were killed  16,000 Killed by the Guillotine  Most were killed in towns that had openly rebelled against the convention  The Guillotine The Guillotine

 In 1793 two women founded the Society for Revolutionary Republican Women in Paris. Wanted to defend the Republic.  Men thought women should not participate in politics or military

 The convention pursued a policy to de- Christianize  Believed religion encouraged superstition  The word saint was removed from street names  Churches were looted and closed by army's  Priests were encouraged to marry  The Cathedral of Notre Dame was changed into a temple of reason  Adopted a new calendar – Would no longer number years from the birth of Christ  Month Names were changed to refer to agriculture and climate

 Foreign troops gathered on Frances Border  Committee of Republic issued a decree to raise and army  French government raised a huge army in less than a year  Over a million soldiers  Pushed back the imposing countries

 Robespierre was obsessed with ridding France of all corrupt elements  Law 22 –Gave him even more power to execute  Finally Deputies in the National Convention decided to act. (They were afraid of him)  Gathered enough votes to have him executed  Jacobins start to lose power after Robespierres execution  Moderate middle-class leaders take control  Reign of Terror comes to a halt

 More Conservative government  Churches are allowed to re-open  New Constitution in created  Set up two legislative houses (To prevent them to use too much)  Continue having division in government – Start to rely on military  One military leader turns on them- Napolean Bonaparte. › Toppled the Directory in a Coup d’etat (A sudden overthrow of the government