WHAT IS CULTURE & WHAT MAKES IT UP?

CULTURE IS THE TOTAL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS SHARED BY AND PASSED ON BY THE MEMBERS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP.

CULTURE INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING FACTORS….

FOOD & SHELTER

RELIGION

RELATIONSHIPS TO FAMILY & OTHERS

LANGUAGE

EDUCATION

SECURITY/PROTECTION

POLITICAL & SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

CREATIVE EXPRESSION

CULTURAL CHANGE AND EXCHANGE Innovation: Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need

WHAT IS CULTURAL DIFFUSION ? The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior. Examples: TV, internet, rock music, religion Cultural hearth : site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures.

WHAT IS ACCULTURATION ? When a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation. Examples: wearing jeans instead of traditional garments or dancing to Lady Gaga in Taiwan.

LANGUAGE Helps establish cultural identity. It builds a sense of unity. Geographers estimate that somewhere between 3,000 and 6,500 different languages are spoken today. Different versions of a language are called dialects. Language can diffuse and develop from one place to another. Language can also easily divide people. It is difficult to communicate and build relationships without a common language.

POPULATION The earths population is currently over 7 billion!

POPULATION Our population has been rapidly growing ever since the Industrial Revolution. Improved medicine, better living condition, and advancing technology has greatly impacted the average life span.

CALCULATING POPULATION Birthrate is the number of lives births per thousand population. The average birthrate is 22 births per year for every thousand people on the earth. Fertility rate shows the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country. A fertility rate of 2.1 is needed just to replace the current population. Mortality (death) rate is the number of deaths each year per thousand people. Infant Mortality rate shows the number of deaths among children under the age of one per thousand live births.

POPULATION PYRAMID A graph that shows the gender and age distribution of a population.

POPULATION PYRAMID A population pyramid allows geographers to examine how specific events in society, such as wars, famine, or epidemics, affect the population of a country or region.

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed evenly throughout the globe. Almost two thirds of all people live in the zone between 20°N and 60°N latitude. Migration greatly alters the distribution of population. Reasons for migration are known as push-pull factors Push factors are those that push people out of their homeland. Pull factors draw or attract people to certain areas.

POPULATION DENSITY The average number of people who live in a measurable area, such as a square mile.

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY A state is an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs. States are often referred to as countries. A nation is a group of people with a common culture living in an area and having a strong sense of unity. Most countries in the world today are nation-states.

GOVERNMENT All countries must choose a type of government

DEMOCRACY Citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives.

MONARCHY Absolute monarchy: A ruling individual or family has absolute power of the nation. Constitutional monarchy: A ruling individual or family shares its power with the citizens of a nation

DICTATORSHIP An individual or group holds complete political power Ex: North Korea

COMMUNISM Nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people.

ANARCHY A state of disorder or absence of government.

THEOCRACY A type of government in which priests rule in the name of God

LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT Countries are often divided into smaller units of government. The United States has 3 main levels of government National State Local