Ptolemy Born: 90 AD Died: 168 AD Claudius Ptolemy was a Greco-Egyptian writer, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.

Galen 130 AD Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, better known as Galen of Pergamon, was a prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman empire

Aristotle Born: 384 BC Died: 322 BC Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian

Tycho Brahe Born: December 14, 1546, Svalöv Municipality, Sweden Died: October 24, 1601 Tycho Brahe, born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, was a Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in Scania, then part of Denmark, now part of modern-day Sweden

Robert Boyle Born: January 25, 1627, Died: December 31, 1691 Robert Boyle FRS was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland

Isaac Newton Born: January 4, 1643 Died: March 31, 1727 Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.

Francis Bacon Born: January 22, 1561 Died: April 9, 1626, Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban PC KC was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England

Edward Jenner Edward Jenner, FRS was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. Born: May 17, 1749, Died: January 26, 1823,

Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance. Born: February 15, 1564 Died: January 8, 1642

Anders Celsius Astronomer Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. Born: November 27, 1701 Died: April 25, 1744

Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works ... Born: December 27, 1571, Died: November 15, 1630

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. Born: February 19, 1473, Died: May 24, 1543

Zacharias Janssen Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg associated with the invention of the first optical telescope. Janssen is sometimes also credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope. Born: The Hague, Netherlands

Vesalius Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica. Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. Born: December 31, 1514 Died: October 15, 1564

William Harvey William Harvey was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of ... Born: April 1, 1578, Died: June 3, 1657

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. Born: December 27, 1822, Died: September 28, 1895

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley FRS was an 18th-century English theologian, dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and Liberal political theorist who published over 150 works. Born: March 24, 1733 Died: February 6, 1804

Marie Skłodowska Curie Marie Skłodowska Curie, born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. Born: November 7, 1867 Died: July 4, 1934

François-Marie Arouet François-Marie Arouet, known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his ... Born: November 21, 1694, Died: May 30, 1778,

John Locke John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Born: August 29, 1632, Died: October 28, 1704

Charles-Louis de Secondat Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. Born: January 18, 1689, Died: February 10, 1755

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. Born: April 5, 1588, Died: December 4, 1679

Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet was a French mathematician, physicist, and author during the Age of Enlightenment. Born: December 17, 1706, Died: September 10, 1749

Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book. Born: April 27, 1759, Died: September 10, 1797

Mary Astell Mary Astell was an English feminist writer and rhetorician. Her advocacy of equal educational opportunities for women has earned her the title "the first English feminist." Born: November 12, 1666,

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French ... Born: June 28, 1712, Died: July 2, 1778,

Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. Born: March 15, 1738 Died: November 28, 1794

Sir William Blackstone Sir William Blackstone SL KC was an English jurist, judge and Tory politician of the eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing the Commentaries on the Laws of England. Born: July 10, 1723 Died: February 14, 1780

René Descartes René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dubbed the father of modern western philosophy, much of subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. Born: March 31, 1596, Died: February 11, 1650,

Denis Diderot Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert Born: October 5, 1713 Died: July 31, 1784,

Adam Smith Adam Smith was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. Born: June 16, 1723, Died: July 17, 1790,