THE BLOOD

BLOOD BASICS is a connective tissue Comprised of approx. ½ liquid, ½ cells is viscous- what’s that? makes up approx. 7% total body weight 8-10 pints or 5 liters in a 150 lb. male why do we study blood?

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 1.Transportation- O2 and CO2 nutrients wastes heat hormones 2.Protection- antibodies cellular 3. Maintain Homeostasis

PLASMA % total blood volume Plasma is 90% water, 10% dissolved substances and is straw-colored When is Plasma called “serum”? Major constituents of Plasma include: –Albumin –Amino acids –Antibodies –Coagulation factors –Nutrients –Wastes and hormones

ERYTHROCYTES (RBC)

ERYTHROCYTES Normal Value: million/mm3 Life span: 120 days General characteristics: –Biconcave disk- –No nucleus –Contains hemoglobin; binds to O2 except when? Erythropoiesis

NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELL

ANEMIA NORMAL

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

LEUKOCYTES (WBC) Normal Range: ,000 /mm3 Life Span: several hours Have a nucleus Colorless unless chemically stained Leukocytosis (increase in #WBC) indicative of infectious disease Primary function is to destroy pathogens or “foreign invaders” through phagocytosis or the production of antibodies. What’s the differerence between “pus” and “abscess”?

NEUTROPHILS Usually most common WBC Active during bacterial infection WBC # increases Neutrophils are phagocytes Cytoplasm has pink granulation with multi- lobed nucleus

LYMPHOCYTES Second most numerous WBC Active during viral infections WBC # decreases Lymphocytes produce antibodies Lymphs are smaller than neutrophils, have bluish cytoplasm almost obscured by a very large, round nucleus

Images (clockwise) SEM Lymphocyte Atypical lymphs in viral infection Lymphocytic Leukemis

NEUTROPHIL AND LYMPHOCYTE

MONOCYTE Largest normal WBC Clean-up or scavenger cell

EOSINOPHIL Fight parasite infections; some allergies Identified by large orange granules in cytoplasm

BASOPHIL Nucleus obscured by heavy dark blue granulation Release histamine, heparin causing allergic reaction

THROMBOCYTES Normal Range: 150,000 – 400,000/mm3 Life span: 10 days Function primarily in hemostasis; initiate the process to stop bleeding Maintain capillary integrity, plug holes