Bell Work 9/2/10 Because of the differences between the 4 staff members preventing a change in the stores operation

Sec. 3 Hardships of Early Industrial Life

New Industrial City Urbanization- movement of people to cities. This was brought on by the Industrial Revolution. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and ever increasing demand for workers led people from farms to the cities. Small cities that were around coal and iron grew rapidly into huge cities.

Cities The wealthy and the middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods. The poor however struggled to survive in foul smelling slums. They packed into tiny rooms in buildings. No light filtered through the dark, narrow alleys. There was no running water, only community pumps, no sewage system, and waste and garbage rotted in the streets. Diseases spread rapidly and reformers pushed for laws to improve the living conditions.

The Factory System The factory system differed greatly form farm work. In rural villages people worked hard, but their work varied according to the seasons. In factories, workers faced a rigid schedule set by the factory whistle. “While the engine runs,” said an observer, “people must work- men, women, and children are yoked together iron and steam.” Shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours and accidents happened frequently.

Women Workers Women made up much of the new industrial work force. Employers thought that women could adapt more easily to machines and were easier to manage than men. More important they were able to pay women less than men even for the same work. This took them from their homes and they were unable to clean and cope with sickness and other problems. Family life in industrial towns were hard.

Child labor Factories hired many boys and girls to work. Children had helped with farm work, parents accepted the idea of child labor. The wages were needed to support the family. Children started working at the age of 10 some 5 years old. Working from 6 in the morning till 8 at night. Orphan worked long hours for a minimum of food. Overseers beat children accuse of idling. During this time children and their parents were treated as slaves.

Kershaw’s life underground 17 year old Kershaw worked in the mines her job was hurrying pushing carts of coal to the surface of the mine. She said, the men she worked with beat her if she did not work quickly enough. They boys sometimes pull me about. I am the only girl in the pit. There are about 20 boys and 15 men. She entered the mine when she was just a child like many children she mined coal to fuel the engines of the Industrial Revolution

Spread of Methodism John Wesley was the leader of the revival and founded the Methodist Church. Methodist helped channel workers anger away form the revolution and toward social reform. Methodist preachers to Gods message into the slums. They also, set up Sunday schools were they were able to learn about the Bible.

The New Middle Class Merchants- who invested their profits in factories. Inventors- turned their technology into a ticket to a better life. Some rose form rags to riches through their inventions. They valued hard work and the determination to get ahead. They had confidence in themselves and little sympathy for the poor. They considered the poor to be lazy or ignorant for not working their way up.

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