N ational T ransfer A ccounts 1 Consumption and Labor Income Profiles: Results Sang-Hyop Lee University of Hawaii at Manoa
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 2 Outline ► Results for Consumption (from An-Chi) ► Results for Labor Income ► Why do they differ across countries? ► Time-series Results
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 3 Attention ► All results are preliminary ► Sources of estimation are suppressed ► Not for citation ► Per capita values are divided by average per capita earnings of people ages for comparison (normalized)
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 4 Consumption: Single Hump
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 5 Double Hump
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 6 Flat for Adults and Old Ages
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 7 Rising at Old Age
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 8 Labor Income: Thick Flat Tails
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 9 Steep at Old Ages
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 10 Steep at Early Ages
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 11 Start late, exit late
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 12 Why Differ across Countries?
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 13 Consumption ► Income level matters C on elderly is high in rich countries, and is mostly due to medical expenditures C on children is low in low-income countries ► Public vs. Private C Richer countries have larger public consumption expenditures, on both health and education. ► Data problems CFD (durable) and CFR (housing) are not calculated in all economies ► NTA methods to allocate to individuals
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 14 Labor Income ► Per capita labor income profile depends on several things. Richer countries have low LFPRs for children and elderly Richer countries have low share of self-employment income. Old age productivity varies across countries. Institution (legal age of work, mandatory schooling, minimum wage, seniority-based wage system) matters. ► Data problems Measurement of self-employment income
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 15 Time-series and Cohort
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 16 Consumption, Taiwan,
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 17 Labor Income, Taiwan
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 18
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 19
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 20 Acknowledgement Support for this project has been provided by the following institutions: ► the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; ► the National Institute on Aging: NIA, R37-AG and NIA, R01-AG025247; ► the International Development Research Centre (IDRC); ► the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); ► the Academic Frontier Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), , granted to the Nihon University Population Research Institute.
N ational T ransfer A ccounts 21 The End