Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989 Leaked an estimated 750,000 barrels of oil.

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Presentation transcript:

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989 Leaked an estimated 750,000 barrels of oil

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989 Leaked an estimated 750,000 barrels of oil

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989 Spill covered 11,000 square miles

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, 2010 Leaked an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, 2010 Water depth was ~1.5 km; Took 5 months to contain

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, 2010

Groundwater Pollution

Different types of groundwater pollution

13 fires broke out on the Cuyahoga River:

Standard Oil, Cleveland (John D. Rockefeller)

“The Lord can make you tumble, The Lord can make you turn, The Lord can make you rock and roll, But the Lord can’t make you burn. Burn on, big river, burn on.” (Randy Newman, “Burn on, Big River”)

The 1969 Cuyahoga River fire helped spur an avalanche of water pollution control activities resulting in the Clean Water Act (1972), Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (1970).

Economist and Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman referred to the Cuyahoga fire as the start of “environmentalism”.

Water quality has improved and, partially in recognition of this improvement, the Cuyahoga River was designated as one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1998.

Important National Water Quality Regulations: 1899: Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (30 Statute 1221) 1912: Public Health Service Act 1924: Oil Pollution Act 1948: Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Public Law ) 1965: Water Quality Act (Public Law ) 1966: Clean Waters Restoration Act (Public Law ) 1968: Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Public Law ) 1969: National Environmental Policy Act (Public Law ) 1970: Water Quality Improvement Act (Public Law ) 1972: Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972 (“Clean Water Act”) (Public Law ) 1974: Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law ) 1976: Toxic Substances Control Act (Public Law ) 1977: Clean Water Act (Public Law ) 1987: Water Quality Act (Public Law 100-4) 1996: Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 (Public Law )

Important National Air Quality Regulations: 1955: Air Pollution Control Act (Public Law ) 1963: Clean Air Act (Public Law ) 1965: Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act (Public Law ) 1966: Clean Air Act Amendments (Public Law ) 1967: Air Quality Act (Public Law ) 1969: National Environmental Policy Act (Public Law ) 1970: Clean Air Act Extension (Public Law ) 1976: Toxic Substances Control Act (Public Law ) 1977: Clean Air Act Amendments (Public Law 95-95) 1990: Clean Air Act Amendments (Public Law )

Pollution along the Androscoggin River near the Berlin (NH) Paper Mill

The Androscoggin River today

Trends of trash disposal (Projected)

Change over time in U.S. Recycling Rates

Recycling rates vary greatly by country

Where do you think the U.S. is on this chart?

Recycling rates vary greatly by country Where do you think the U.S. is on this chart? 0.76 metric tons/person-yr (4.6 lbs/person-day)

U.S. Recycling Rates, by Material

What is in our trash?

Plastic in the Ocean

Plastic is dissolving faster than expected. Good news – amount of pieces of plastic not increasing. Bad news – the plastic is toxic to ocean life. Plastic in the Ocean – trapped in ocean gyres