Bellringer Define Prehistory

Agenda 1.Finish Pre-History notes 2.The Paleolithic Era 3.Hunter-gatherer life 4.Summarizing Text

Objectives Students will be able to… 3.Define and describe culture. 4.List the major advances early humans made during the Paleolithic Era. 5.Describe hunter-gatherer life.

Skills Objectives Students will be able to… 2.Take effective notes from textbook readings. 3.Interpret information presented in charts and graphs. 4.Create efficient summaries of written texts. S S S

Fossils Solidified remains of living things

Using Artifacts Some assembly required – Like a giant puzzle with no idea what the picture will be What if we use things for different purposes? If we know what, do we know when? Some things get lost

Studying the Past Archeology Anthropology Objective #2

Archeology The study of the human past by examining artifacts and remains – Excavation – Hoping to find ancient settlements, burial sites, tools, etc.

Carbon Dating A scientific test used to analyze the age of artifacts and fossils (based on the half-life decay of Carbon-14… ask a science teacher) Pretty accurate for the last 40,000 years or so

Anthropology Study of human origins, relationships, and cultures – Try to determine how humans evolved (physically and culturally) – Archeology is a subfield of anthropology What is culture?

Culture Culture is a system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people Everyone has culture What does culture include? Objective #3

Our Culture What will archeologists and anthropologists use to understand our culture in 10,000 years?

Early Humans Objective #4

Early Humans Start our story at the dawn of the Paleolithic Era, about 2.5 million years ago – the Old Stone Age – Humans created the first tools made out of stone

Better than Monkeys Early humans developed 1.Simple stone tools 2.Control of fire 3.Oral language All keys to cooperating in hunts, which bring food and resources

Wise Man Smarter, larger-brained humans known as homo sapiens (Latin for “wise man”) – Developed technology Clothing Shelter Art Homo sapiens are modern humans

Out of Africa Homo sapiens arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago Migration to all continents (except Antarctica) beginning around 100,000 years ago

Out of Africa Why? Why did ancient humans leave Africa?

Hunter-gatherer Life People Profiles Objective #5

Source of Food Hunting – Main source, whatever they could catch, kill, and cook! Gathering – Wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, etc. Get it? Hunter-gatherers!

Size of Groups Small groups – Clans: people, one or a few extended families Why?

Permanent Settlements No! They were nomads Why move? – Follow herds – No food left – Seasons change Too cold or hot No water left

Location Factors Mainly, Paleolithic (and prehistoric) people followed their food – Animals migrate, so did the people Overpopulation (of people) Overconsumption (of resources in one spot)

Getting Along Cooperation was necessary for survival Knew everyone in their clan – all relatives No private property – no where to put it No fighting other groups – no one around Finding food…just not that hard

Charts and Graphs

G REEK N AME R OMAN N AME R ESPONSIBILITIES AphroditeVenusgoddess of beauty and love AresMarsgod of war ArtemisDianagoddess of hunting and childbirth AthenaMinervagoddess of war, wisdom, and crafts DemeterCeresgoddess of the harvest HeraJunoprotector of women; wife of Zeus/Jupiter HermesMercurymessenger of the gods HadesPlutogod of the Underworld PoseidonNeptunegod of the sea ZeusJupiterking of the gods

Summarizing Text

Some Terms Summarize Paraphrase Plagiarize

Some Tips Use structure and organization Include major details Leave out unimportant information Show connections between ideas DON’T COPY THE TEXT!!!

Some Practice Read the excerpt from page 12 of your textbook and write a VERY short summary

Bad Sample For a long time people used to wander like nomads. Cro-Magnons hunted and gathered. Then they made technology and hunted better.

Good Sample Over time, humans became more effective at finding food. At first, nomads moved often to find more food to hunt or gather. Later, Cro- Magnons invented tools and then technology (like knives and needles) to improve their lives.

Some More Practice Read the article about cannibalism and write a short summary

Ending Class All the summarizing practice goes under Tools in your binder Homework: Guided Reading notes for Chapter 1.2!