Chemistry Notes Dot Diagrams Ionic Bonding Diagrams

Drawing Dot Diagrams A dot diagram shows the valence electrons for an atom A dot diagram shows the valence electrons for an atom First, write the symbol for the element. First, write the symbol for the element.

Drawing Dot Diagrams Then, put a dot to show each electron in the outer shell, in the following order: Then, put a dot to show each electron in the outer shell, in the following order: X

The reason for this order, is the first two spots for electrons represent the one orbital in the s sublevel, the last three spots represent the three orbitals of the p sublevel. Drawing Dot Diagrams

Two exceptions: There are two exceptions to the order of putting on dots: carbon and silicon. There are two exceptions to the order of putting on dots: carbon and silicon.

Two exceptions: Carbon and silicon have hybrid orbitals, so their electrons will look like this: C

boron

barium

xenon

carbon

Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal Remember the octet rule- elements are the most stable when they have eight electrons in their outer shell Remember the octet rule- elements are the most stable when they have eight electrons in their outer shell

Ionic Bonding Ions are formed by the giving and taking of electrons. The bond that forms between ions is an ionic bond. Ions are formed by the giving and taking of electrons. The bond that forms between ions is an ionic bond.

Ionic Bonding Elements with only a few valence electrons will give electrons away to elements that only need a few to complete their octet. Elements with only a few valence electrons will give electrons away to elements that only need a few to complete their octet.

Ionic Bonding What is the charge of an element that gives away electrons? What is the charge of an element that gives away electrons? What is it called? What is it called? What is the charge of an element that takes electrons? What is the charge of an element that takes electrons? What is it called? What is it called?

calcium & chlorine Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of:

sodium & sulfur Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of:

aluminum & chlorine Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of:

magnesium & nitrogen Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of:

magnesium & oxygen Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of:

boron & oxygen Show how the electrons move in a compound formed of: