Anything that has mass and volume

Physical Property  A characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change  Examples: Density Color Hardness Thermal Conduction State Ductility Malleability

Density – Liquid Layers  Which is the most dense of the solutions? Honey  Which is the least dense? Lamp Oil

Physical Changes  A change of matter from one form to another WITHOUT a change in chemical properties

Chemical Property  A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.  Examples: Flammability Reactivity with Oxygen

Chemical Changes  A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with DIFFERENT properties

Physical vs. Chemical Changes PHYSICALCHEMICAL  Do NOT change the composition of the substance!  Most are easily reversed  Do alter the composition of the substance!  Not easily reversed

States of Matter  Solid Definite shape and volume Particles vibrate  Liquid Definite volume, but not a definite shape Particles can slide past each other  Gas No definite shape or volume Particles are far apart and move independently of each other  Plasma Super heated gas Can be affected by electrical and magnetic fields 99% of the universe is plasma! Ex. The sun

Liquids  Surface Tension The force that acts on the surface of a liquid & that tends to minimize the area of the surface  Viscosity The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow

Gas Behavior Laws  Boyle’s Law The law states the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant  Charles’s Law The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant

Draw the flow chart and fill in the bold words ONLY.

Mixtures  A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined.  Can be separated by PHYSICAL METHODS  2 Types: Heterogeneous Homogeneous

2 Types of Mixtures  Heterogeneous Mixture a type of mixture in which the components can be seen typically there are two or more phases present. Ex. Vegetable Soup, cereal & milk, pizza, rocks in sand

2 Types of Mixtures  Homogeneous Mixture a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform every part of the solution has the same properties Ex. air, salt water, milk, blood, Kool-Aid

Pure Substances  Fixed composition (what they are made of does not vary)  CANNOT be separated by physical means  2 Types: Elements Compounds

Element  A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means  Found on the Periodic Table of Elements  Categories of Elements Metal ○ shiny, conducts heat/electricity well Nonmetal ○ conducts heat and electricity poorly Metalloid ○ has properties of both metals and nonmetals

Compound  A substance made up of atoms of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds (made of elements!)  Elements come together in specific ratios to form compounds. CompoundElements Combined Table SaltSodium and Chlorine WaterHydrogen and Oxygen VinegarHydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen Carbon DioxideCarbon and Oxygen Baking SodaSodium, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen

Forming Sodium Chloride

How can I remember the categories of matter???  /?query=chicken%20noodle%20soup /?query=chicken%20noodle%20soup Chicken Noodle Soup Heterogeneous Mixture Soda Homogeneous Mixture Silver (Ag) Element Crackers contain salt (NaCl) Compound