Marine aerosol properties in the Mediterranean: a mesocosm study

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Marine aerosol properties in the Mediterranean: a mesocosm study Allison Schwier, Clémence Rose, Eija Asmi*, Karine Sellegri Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique *Finnish Meteorological Institute Frederic Gazeau, Cécile Guieu Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche-sur-mer

Mediterranean Sea What are the properties of primary marine aerosol from the Mediterranean? Oligotrophic environment yet there are seasonal blooms D’Ortenzio & Ribera d’Alcalà Biogeosciences 2009

Villefranche-sur-mer, France STARESO, Calvi, Corsica Villefranche-sur-mer, France February – March, 2013 BLOOM conditions June – July, 2012 NON – bloom conditions 3

Picture of mesocosms 15m deep, in clusters of 3 4

Experimental Procedure Bubble-bursting apparatus Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNc) Impacter Filters SMPS Sea Surface microlayer Multiple biogeochemical measurements (pigments, nutrients, bacteria, etc.) sea-air aerosol flux Physical and chemical properties of the primary marine aerosol Based on work of Fuentes et al., AMT 2010 5

Chlorophyll Concentrations 3 mg/m3 is ridic high in medit during bloom Up to 20 mg/m3 in ocean during bloom Ranges up to 60mg/m3 NON-BLOOM BLOOM 6

Size Distributions 4 modes, includes enriched samples and different supersaturations 18 nm (0.32) 39 nm (0.29) 92 nm (0.28) 260 nm (0.11) 20 nm (0.19) 37 nm (0.48) (0.24) 260 nm (0.9) Lognormal mode distribution Values from Sellegri 2006, Dominant accumulation mode ~100nm, Aitken mode ~45nm Fuentes et al., 2010 saw with artificial sea water: 14nm (0.38), 48nm (0.32), 124nm (0.17), 334nm (0.13) 7

Number Mode Distributions During bloom conditions, large fractional increase of the 2nd mode, Aitken mode 8

Organic Fraction Organic Fractionaverage = 0.24±0.14 κ = κorgεorg + κinorgεinorg κ = hygroscopicity parameter (Petters and Kreidenweis ACP 2007) κinorg=1.25 (Collins et al., JGR 2013; Prathers et al., PNAS 2013) 9

Correlation with Chlorophyll a Many groups have found linear correlations with chlorophyll Also exponential fitting (Gantt et al., 2011) Langmuir functional relationship (Long et al., 2011) 10

Additional Pigments 11

Heterotrophes, Virus-Like Particles and TEP (transparent exopolymer particles) Agrees with Prather et al., 2013 12

Enriched microlayer addition 13

Organic Fraction Organic Fractionaverage = 0.24±0.14 No enhancement from enriched microlayer 14

Summary Size distributions show a large increase in mode 2 (Aitken mode) during bloom period This could be linked to increasing organic fraction Sigmoidal correlation with chlorophyll a and other pigments Additional weaker correlations with virus, heterotrophs and TEPs What does this tell us about marine aerosol? Aerosol size, and thus CCN, seems to be linked more strongly to physical properties than chemical 15

Acknowledgements: LaMP: Clémence Rose, Eija Asmi, Karine Sellegri Villefranche-sur-mer (LOV): Frederic Gazeau, Cécile Guieu Microlayer data: Alina Ebeling, William Landing (Florida State University) Pigment data: Hervé Claustre, Joséphine Ras, Mustapha Ouhssain (LOV) TEPs: Maria-Luiza Pedrotti (LOV), Francesca Iuculano and Susana Agusti (Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Mallorca, Spain) Bacteria, Viruses: Anastasia Tsiola (Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Crete, Greece) 16