E storage = E intake - E output This equation governs the result of our eating habits and their effects on performance. A balanced diet will supply the body with its basic nutrients, along with a sufficient energy supply. Factors affecting this equation: -caloric consumption - energy expenditure - metabolism Heart Attack Grill

The Calorie c alorie: the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by 1°C C alorie: a measure of the amount of energy that food will produce as it passes through the body -equals 1 kilocalorie (kcal) or calories In SI units 1 calorie = joules 1 Calorie (kcal) = joules (4.184 kJ) Daily caloric need: the number of calories necessary to maintain one’s current body weight (consists of: basal metabolic rate, Calories for activity and the thermal effect of food).

You’ve had a hard morning, exercise science and then calculus. You believe you deserve some “comfort food” and head to McDonald’s for lunch. Being the average person that you are, you order the #1 combo (Big Mac, medium fries) with a coke. But having just had a lecture about nutrients and calories, you start to wonder, exactly how many calories you have just ingested. Below is the macronutrient breakdown of your lunch: BIG MAC CHO = 44 g PRO = 24 g FAT = 29 g Med Fries CHO = 47 g PRO = 4 g FAT = 17 g Med Coke CHO = 56 g PRO = 0 g FAT = 0 g Calories x 4 = 176 x 4 = 96 x 9 = 261 x 4 = 188 x 4 = 16 x 9 = 153 x 4 = 224 x 4 = 0 x 9 = 0 = 1114 Calories X KJ _____________ 4661 KJ

So what does the energy equation tell us? If, E intake < E output = ↓ body mass E intake > E output = ↑ body mass

FOOD LABELS The nutrient info is based on a specified quantity of food The % Daily Value gives a context to the actual amount. It indicates the amount if your daily diet was 100 g. This number is the actual amount of the nutrient in the specified quantity of food The Nutrition Fact box would always include this list of Calories and nutrients even if the amount is zero.

“Fat/Sugar-Free” -less than 0.5 grams per serving “Sodium/Calorie- Free” -less than 5 grams “Healthy” -can only be used on a label if the product is low in fat and saturated fat -a serving does not contain more than 480mg of sodium or more than 60mg of cholesterol -only applies to the word “healthy” as a claim, not as a product name “Lite or Light” -essentially meaningless and must be compared to non-light version (1/3 fewer calories than regular counterpart) -can mean lighter in colour or texture “Reduced or Less” -the product contains 25% fewer calories per serving than counterpart “Low-Carb” -the FDA has not come out with a definition for this and therefore is misleading and illegal “Organic” 4 organic categories: i) 100% Organic ii) Organic - made with 95% organic ingredients iii) Made with organic -made with at least 70% organic ingredients iv) < less than 70% organic- individual organic ingredients listed on label