Habitat and Niche habitat - place where an organism usually lives includes all aspects of the environment, including abiotic and biotic factors ecological niche – how an organism lives in its habitat includes all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy and reproduce food – type of food eaten, how a species competes for what is eaten, where it fits into the food web abiotic conditions – range of conditions (temperature, water, etc) that a species can tolerate behavior – time of day a species is active; where and when it reproduces

competitive exclusion states that when 2 species compete for the same resource, the one that is better adapted (more fit) will occupy the niche while the other is either pushed into a less favorable niche or goes extinct in the area

Competitive Exclusion

Competition – when two organisms fight for the same limited resource can be between 2 different species (compete for food, space, water) can be between 2 organisms of the same species (compete for food, water, space and mates) Community Interactions

predation - process by which one organisms captures and feeds upon another organism includes herbivores What predatory relationships are there among the lady bug, aphid, and plant?

Community Interactions Symbiosis – a close long- term relationship between two or more species that can be beneficial or harmful mutualism commensalism parasitism

Symbiosis Mutualism - both benefit example) lichen (fungi and algae together) fungi provides - carbon dioxide and moisture algae provides - food and oxygen

Symbiosis commensalism- one benefits, the other is neither harmed or helped example) whale and a barnacle orchid on tree

Symbiosis parasitism- one benefits (parasite), other harmed (host) example) flea and a dog flea - food and shelter dog - itches and can become infected with diseases

Symbiosis Parasitism a flea is an ectoparasite – one on the outside of the body a tapeworm is an endoparasite – one that is inside of the body tapeworm head louse flea

Beneficial: mutualism = both benefit commensalism = only one benefits & other is not harmed or helped Harmful: parasitism = one benefits & host slowly harmed Symbiosis

Fill out the chart:+ = benefits, - = harmed, 0 = neutral (neither harmed nor helped) Symbiosis Type Organism 1Organism 2Example Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Weird Killer of the Deep (2:55 min.)

Fish bait ball in open water (3:39 min.)

Predation and Competition Promote Biodiversity Biologically diverse ecosystems are more stable than ecosystems with fewer species

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