aSection 3 aJapan Returns to Isolation aThe Tokugawa regime unifies Japan and begins 250 years of isolation, autocracy, and economic growth. aNEXT

Essential Question How did the political and social changes in Japan and China impact these countries?

aA New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders aJapan Returns to Isolation aLocal Lords Rule aIn 1467, civil war destroys old feudal system in Japan aPeriod from 1467 to 1568 is called time of the “Warring States” aDaimyo—warrior-chieftains—are lords in new feudal system aEmperor is figurehead with no real power aDaimyo build armies of mounted samurai and gun-bearing infantry

aA New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders aJapan Returns to Isolation aOda Nobunaga—powerful daimyo who seizes capital of Kyoto in 1568 aNobunaga tries to eliminate rival daimyo and Buddhist monasteries aGeneral Toyotomi Hideyoshi carries on Nobunaga’s work aBy 1590, controls most of Japan aLaunches invasion of Korea, but effort ends when he dies

Tokugawa Ieyasu ( ) Appointed shogun by the Emperor. a Appointed shogun by the Emperor.  Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!   Warriors.  Farmers.  Artisans.  Merchants.

aA New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders aJapan Returns to Isolation aTokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan aTokugawa Ieyasu takes over, completes unification of Japan aIn 1603, he becomes shogun, or sole ruler and sets up capital at Edo, which grows to be Tokyo aUses restrictions to keep daimyo under control aTokugawa Shogunate rules Japan from 1603 to1867

aLife in Tokugawa Japan aSociety in Tokugawa Japan aLong period of peace, prosperity, cultural growth aStructured society, with shogun as actual ruler aConfucian ideas influence society aPeasants suffer from high taxes; many leave farms for cities aBy mid-1700s, Japan becoming urban society aMost women lead sheltered lives aJapan Returns to Isolation

aLife in Tokugawa Japan aJapan Returns to Isolation aCulture Under the Tokugawa Shogunate aTraditional culture thrives aTragic noh dramas popular among samurai aTownspeople enjoy new type of realistic fiction aMany people enjoy haiku—three-line poetry that presents images aKabuki theater—skits with elaborate costumes, music, and dance

aNEXT aContact Between Europe and Japan aPortugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and technology to Japan aIn 1540s, European traders begin arriving; they welcomed by Japanese aEuropean firearms change Japanese way of fighting aJapan Returns to Isolation

aNEXT aContact Between Europe and Japan aChristian Missionaries in Japan aIn 1549, first Christian missionaries arrive aBy 1600, about 300,000 Japanese are Christians aJapan’s rulers upset by this, ban Christianity aAfter 1637 rebellion, Christianity is forbidden in Japan aJapan Returns to Isolation

aNEXT aThe Closed Country Policy aGrowing Tensions aFirst Europeans arrive when Japan has no central authority aShoguns, who later take power, dislike European ideas, ways of life aJapan Returns to Isolation

aNEXT aThe Closed Country Policy aJapan in Isolation aShoguns limit European trade to port of Nagasaki aOnly Dutch and Chinese are allowed to trade; shoguns control trade aJapanese people are forbidden to travel abroad aJapan develops in isolation aJapan Returns to Isolation

Japan’s First Embassy As We Saw Them

Stop and Think

Introduction How did Japanese society become structured in the Tokugawa period? What were the conflicting bases of this structure? How did that structure begin to change after the opening of Japan? How was centralization reinforced after the opening of Japan?

Unification and Centralization Three Generals: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu Land survey and allocation Alternate attendance of lords (daimyo) Establishment of a system of cities Closure of the country

aTransportation, Alternate Residence and the Creation of a System of Cities

Social Stratification Samurai and Nobility (Shi) Farmers (No) Craftsmen (Ko) Merchants (Sho) (Floating world (Ukiyo) people and Eta)

End Here

The Drive for Modernization “Rich country, strong army” Foreign delegations and expertise Reform of government institutions Business takes over industrialization