The evolving landscape of library resource management Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides June 20, 2014 e-BUG Conference – Morehead State University

Description  Marshall Breeding will provide an overview of the current state of technologies available to academic libraries for managing and providing access to their collections. He will provide an overview of the models of automation that have shifted away from a focus on print to ones that encompass electronic resources and digital collections. Strategic cooperation has become a central concern, where multi- campus universities, consortia, statewide, or even national library systems are increasingly exploring opportunities to share infrastructure rather than implement local systems. Many of the new platforms are deployed as multi- tenant software as a service. Breeding will discuss these trends and other topics of interest to academic libraries.

Library Technology Guides

Library Technology Industry Reports  2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation  2013: Rush to Innovate  2012: Agents of Change  2011: New Frontier  2010: New Models, Core Systems  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer American LibrariesLibrary Journal

Mergers and Acquisitions

Mergers and Acquisitions Detail

Library Systems Report 2014

Library Systems Report 2014 Arabic

Library Systems Report Tables

Personnel Resources CompanyDevSupSalesAdminOtherTotal EBSCO Information Services OCLC Ex Libris SirsiDynix EOS International 50 Follett Software Company Innovative Interfaces, Inc Serials Solutions The Library Corporation Polaris Library Systems VTLS Equinox Software ByWater Solutions

ILS Industry Contracts (2013) CompanyProduct OCLCWMS InnovativeSierra Ex LibrisAlma SirsiDynixSymphony InnovativeMillennium TLCLibrary.Solution Ex LibrisAleph VTLSVirtua PolarisPolaris ILS BiblionixApollo ByWater SolutionsKoha PTFS LibLimeLibLime Academic Koha 756 PTFS LibLimeLibLime Koha EquinoxEvergreen

Development Resources (Dec 2013) CompanyDevSupSalesAdminOtherTotal EBSCO Information Services Ex Libris Follett Software Company Innovative Interfaces, Inc SirsiDynix Corporation Serials Solutions Axiell The Library Corporation Polaris Library Systems VTLS Inc Koha ByWater Solutions Catalyst IT3 BibLibre43 Koha Total (estimated)15 PTFS Evergreen Equinox Software

Personnel Growth / Loss

New-generation Library Management

Appropriate Automation Infrastructure  Current automation products out of step with current realities  Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content  Majority of automation efforts support print activities  New discovery solutions help with access to e- content  Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure

Strategic shift for Academic Libraries  Collection Shift from Print > Electronic + Digital  E-journal transition largely complete  Circulation of print collections slowing  Large-scale investment in e-books  Technical infrastructure support:  Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections  Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections  Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Software as a Service  Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach  One copy of the code base serves multiple sites  Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces  No workstation clients  Upgrades and fixes deployed universally  Usually in small increments

Data as a service  SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models  Bibliographic knowledgebase: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries  Discovery indexes: article and object-level index for resource discovery  E-resource knowledge bases: shared authoritative repository of e-journal holdings  General opportunity to move away from library-by- library metadata management to globally shared workflows

Traditional model of Automation  Oriented to Print collections  Single Library System  Includes branches or divisional facilities  Automation strategies often set when capabilities of automation systems were limited  Institutional solo of collection management

Reconceptualization of Automation  Current organization of functionality based on past assumptions  Possible new organizing principles  Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + DCB + e-commerce  Resource management = Cataloging + Acquisitions + Serials + ERM  Customer Relationship Management = Reference + Circulation + ILL (public services)  Enterprise Resource Planning = Acquisitions + Collection Development

Fragmented Library Management  LMS for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization  E-book lending platform (multiple?)  Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)  Self-service and AMH infrastructure  Electronic Resource Management  PC Scheduling and print management  Event scheduling  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Is the status quo sustainable?  ILS for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and campus  Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)  OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Integrated (for print) Library System Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

Common approach for ERM Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Budget License Terms Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

Gaps in Automation  Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services  Customer Relationship Management?  Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management  Collection development support

Academic Libraries need a new model of library management  Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System  The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections  Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections  Other library automation products evolved:  Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

Comprehensive Resource Management  No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials  ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model  Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows  Support for management of metadata in bulk  Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

Library Services Platform  Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services  Services  Service oriented architecture  Exposes Web services and other API’s  Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users  Platform  General infrastructure for library automation  Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service  Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platform Characteristics  Highly Shared data models  Knowledgebase architecture  Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores  Delivered through software as a service  Multi-tenant  Unified workflows across formats and media  Flexible metadata management  MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX  Bibframe  New structures not yet invented  Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Responsible Organization OCLC.Ex Libris Serials Solutions Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali Foundation Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery. Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Knowledgeba se driven. Pure multi- tenant SaaS Service-oriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure Software model Proprietary Open Source

Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Responsible Organization OCLC.Ex Libris Serials Solutions Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali Foundation Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery. Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Knowledgeba se driven. Pure multi- tenant SaaS Service-oriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure Software model Proprietary Open Source

Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Discovery Service

Integrated Library Systems?  ILS products continue to evolve  Continue to be appropriate for libraries with active physical collections  Public Libraries  Development trajectory must include  Integration of e-book lending  Service-oriented architecture  Improved support for non-print materials  Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms

Development Schedule WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE General Release in July 2011 ~200 now in production First ARL member in production in June libraries have signed for Alma. Over 200 in production Libraries in production by contracts completed, many libraries in production (~250?) Version 1.0 released Dec 2013 Version 2.0 underway Summer 2014 implementations planned by University of Chicago and Lehigh University

New Metadata management WorkFlows  Moving away from individual record-by-record creation  Life cycle of metadata  Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed  Manage metadata in bulk when possible  E-book collections  Highly shared metadata  E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.  Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data  Path emerging for linked data in resource management and discovery systems  AACR2 > RDA  MARC > BIBFRAME (

Metadata Management  MARC-based cataloging prospects  Library collections shifting to electronic and digital  Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA,

RDA  Resource Description and Access   Major change relative to resources devoted to transition  Minor impact relative to operational and strategic use of metadata

BIBFRAME  Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic Transformation of the Library of Congress   bibframe.org  Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope  Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework)  Major departure from MARC  Today more conceptual than operational

New Technical processing workflows  Demand-driven acquisitions  Managing records in bulk  Personnel Resources distributed among acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources  Resource allocation should be loosely proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies  New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata

Progress on Resource Discovery

Online Catalog  Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level  Not in scope:  Articles  Book Chapters  Digital objects  Web site content  Etc. Scope of Search Search: Search Results ILS Data

Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages (2009- present) Usage- generated Data Customer Profile Open Access

Bento Box Discovery Model Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories E-Journals Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages Open Access VuFind / Blacklight

Trend Demise of the local catalog  Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory  Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface  Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

Trend Tendency toward re-alignment with management systems  Alma + Primo / Primo Central  Sierra + Encore  WorldCat Local + WorldShare Management Services  Intota + Summon

Convergence  Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets  Ex Libris: Primo + Primo Central Alma  ProQuest: Summon Intota  OCLC: WorldCat Discovery Service WorldShare Platform  Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service  Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases  API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

Trend Content providers cooperate with discovery service providers for indexing in Web-scale services  New content partnerships continue to be announced  Web-scale discovery service providers assert that most scholarship in English now well covered and are now focusing on international and specialized resources

Development and Deployment Strategies

Open source and Open Access  Open source development of platform services  Open source infrastructure components  Open APIs to expose platform services  Knowledge base components  Open access  Community maintained  Adequately resourced

Open Source Integrated Library Systems  Alternative model of library systems development  Koha  Evergreen  Kuali OLE

Open Systems  Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies  Libraries need to do more with their data  Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies  Demand for Interoperability  Open source – full access to internal program of the application  Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

 Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,  BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se  LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  New generation Library Services Platforms  Ex Libris Alma  Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud)  OCLC WorldShare Management Services,  Serials Solutions Intota  Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving) Competing Models of Library Automation

Library Automation in the Cloud  Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” services  Server management moves from library to Vendor  Subscription-based business model  Comprehensive annual subscription payment  Offsets local server purchase and maintenance  Offsets some local technology support

Leveraging the Cloud  Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation  Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.

Development / Deployment perspective  Beginning of a new cycle of transition  Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms  Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Progressive consolidation of library services  Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus  Resource sharing support  Direct borrowing among partner institutions  Shared infrastructure between institutions  Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)  Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

Bibliographic Database Library System Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Search: Integrated Library System Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches Floating Collections may reduce workload for Inter-branch transfers Model: Multi-branch Independent Library System

Library Consortia  Groups of libraries want to work together to share an automation system  Number of participants limited by the perceived capacities of the automation system

Shared Infrastructure  Common discovery  Retention of local automation systems  Technical complex with moderate operational benefits  Common discovery + Resource Management Systems  Shared Resource management with local discovery options

Bibliographic Database Shared Consortia System Library 2 Library 3 Library 4 Library 5 Library 7 Library 8 Library 9 Library 10 Holdings Library 1Library 6 Shared Consortial ILS Search: Model: Multiple independent libraries in a Consortium Share an ILS ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing through Circulation Module

Progressive consolidation of library services  Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus  Resource sharing support  Direct borrowing among partner institutions  Shared infrastructure between institutions  Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)  Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

2CUL Shared Services : Collection Development Technical Services Shared Infrastructure? :

Orbis Cascade Alliance  37 Academic Libraries  Combined enrollment of 258,000  9 million titles  1997: implemented dual INN-Reach systems  Orbis and Cascade consortia merged in 2003  Currently working on implementation of shared system

Iceland Libraries

Chile

Norway: BIBSYS  Provides automation services for:  National Library of Norway  105 Academic and Special Libraries  History of local system development  Originally selected WorldShare Platform for new generation system development (Nov 2010) and later withdrew (Oct 2012)  Primo implemented for Discovery (May 2013)  Alma selected for new shared infrastructure (Jan 2014)

Questions and discussion