Grade 9 Biology Transfer of Energy and Matter

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Presentation transcript:

Grade 9 Biology Transfer of Energy and Matter Community Ecology Grade 9 Biology Transfer of Energy and Matter

Analyzing a Food Web Put the following organisms into a food web: Algae Hawk Duck Large Fish Frog Minnow Snail Snake Insects

Adding Vocab Producer: Primary Consumer: Secondary Consumer: Tertiary Consumer: Higher Order Consumer: Decomposer:

How well did you do?

What would happen if? Snails got a disease and their population dramatically dropped: Sparrows? Big Fish? Small Fish?

What do decomposers do? What levels do decomposers get energy from? What is the role of decomposers in the transfer of matter?

Energy Transfers: Rule of 10’s

Biomass: The mass of all of the organisms at a given trophic level

Relationships between organisms: Predation: Predator Prey Competition: Two organisms competing over the same food source Symbiosis: Mutualism +/+ Commensalism +/0 Parasitism +/-

Name the relationship!

What type of relationship?

What type of relationship? (mistletoe on tree)

What type of relationship?

What type of relationship?

What type of relationship?

Homeostasis: Interactions can change Ecological Succession: Organized process of change when an ecological community is built or disrupted. Primary Succession: Ecosystem is built where there was none previously. Secondary Succession: Ecosystem adapts to change.

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Are climax communities really stable? Can be impacted by: Pollution Invasive species

Biological Magnification Toxins build up in the food chain…how is this different than the transfer of energy?

Examples of Biological magnification DDT: “Silent Spring” Rachel Carson and use of DDT video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipbc-6IvMQI Current Issue: Mercury; dangerous in predatory fish (tuna)

Invasive Species Native Introduced Invasive Original to the biological community Introduced Brought into a community. May or may not be accidental Invasive Brought into a community; has a negative impact on the community: May outcompete native plants for resources May be resistant to pests

Matter cycles between organisms and their environment. Biogeochemical cycles: Bio—living things Geo—Earth Chemical—Different forms of matter Examples: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen

Water Cycle: Always water, different states of matter Transpiration: Role of plants in the water cycle

Carbon Cycle Role of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition. Source: Adds CO2 to the atmosphere Sink: Stores carbon How is the balance of source & sinks being impacted?

Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria are essential: otherwise nitrogen gas would stay as N2 in the air! Legumes: plants that have bacteria associated with their roots that “fix” nitrogen.

Nitrogen Cycle