The Geography of Rome

Italy in 750 BCE

Influence of the Etruscans  Writing  Religion  The Arch

The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE  Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

The Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road System

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum Interior

Circus Maximus

Carthaginian Empire

Hannibal’s Route

Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.

PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

The First Triumvirate  Julius Caesar  Marcus Licinius Crassus  Gaius Magnus Pompey

Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

The Second Triumvirate  Octavian Augustus  Marc Antony  Marcus Lepidus

Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

The First Roman Dynasty

Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

The Rise of Christianity

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

Imperial Roman Road System

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Constantine:

Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

The Legacy of Rome  Republic Government  Roman Law  Latin Language  Roman Catholic Church  City Planning  Romanesque Architectural Style  Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Dams Dams Cement Cement Arch Arch

Rome vs. Greece 1. Mighty empire vs. inept/Greek city-states1. Mighty empire vs. inept/Greek city-states 2. Mastered engineering vs. scientific thought2. Mastered engineering vs. scientific thought 3. Western Europe-Greco Roman vs. Eastern Europe- Greek influence3. Western Europe-Greco Roman vs. Eastern Europe- Greek influence 4. Shared- political ideas, religion, artistic styles, and economic structures4. Shared- political ideas, religion, artistic styles, and economic structures

Religion Christianity spread, but not a product of Christian/Roman CultureChristianity spread, but not a product of Christian/Roman Culture Greco-Roman religion-nature>gods and goddessesGreco-Roman religion-nature>gods and goddesses Different names/interacted w/mortals/whims/soap operaDifferent names/interacted w/mortals/whims/soap opera God Stories used to illustrate human passions- literatureGod Stories used to illustrate human passions- literature

Economy and Society Difficulty FarmingDifficulty Farming Merchants- better than ChineseMerchants- better than Chinese Slavery- key component to agriculture and military expansionSlavery- key component to agriculture and military expansion Behind India and China in technologyBehind India and China in technology Not as bad for women as ChinaNot as bad for women as China