YEARACQUISITION 1803The Louisiana Purchase Bought from France 1845Annexation of Texas Joint resolution of Congress after Texas independence from Mexico 1846The Oregon Territory Treaty and agreement with Great Britain 1848The Mexican Cession (American West & Southwest) Following Mexican- American War Major Land Acquisitions Acquisitions would lead to conflicts over (1) slavery, (2) internal improvements, (3) tariffs, (4) settlement of western lands

The Louisiana Purchase DETAILS Purchased from France at price of $15 million – a bargain!!! Importance for the U.S. was it solidified ownership of the interior and gave control of Mississippi River & New Orleans ISSUES Forced Jefferson to contradict himself by moving to a loose constructionist position in interpreting Constitution – nowhere in document were land acquisitions mentioned Opposed by Federalists – fears of (1) new territories becoming D-R strongholds, (2) loss of economic power in commerce Used Northwest Ordinance to make new states equal!

The Louisiana Purchase  Henry Clay’s American System Following the Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812, the new land acquisitions led Henry Clay to propose his plan known as “The American System.” It attempted to take advantage of a new era of nationalism in the United States A protective tariff that would promote American manufacturing and generate revenue; generally opposed by Westerners & Southerners A new Bank of the United States to stabilize the economy & currency; would allow borrowing from national bank, not private or state banks Internal improvements that would connect the nation by improving roads and canals; better transportation would make trade easier

The American System

The Jackson Presidency The Presidency of Andrew Jackson The first President from the West The Era of the Common Man Moving Native Americans West A Tariff Battle With South Carolina

The Jackson Presidency

The Era of the Common Man In 1824, Jackson lost the Presidency to John Quincy Adams in what Jackson’s supporters referred to as the “Corrupt Bargain” By 1828, most states had removed property ownership as a requirement to vote; the only requirement was to be a white male African-American males (even property owners) specifically had the right to vote denied by most states With the addition of new states acquired from the Louisiana Purchase, Jackson became the choice of that geographic area

The Jackson Presidency Moving Native Americans West Jackson’s policy (Indian Removal Act of 1830) was to remove Natives to lands in the West (Oklahoma) to make room for opportunity for the white man; ex. – land & gold For the Seminoles in Florida, they resisted by going to war with the United States for the right to their land; this resistance failed For the Cherokee in the Southeast, they challenged the U.S. in Court (Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, Worcester v. Georgia) & won the right to stay from the Marshall Court Jackson ignored the Supreme Court and forced the Cherokee on the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma, with as many as 6,000 Cherokee dying along the way

Manifest Destiny A term created by newspaper writer John O’Sullivan in the mid-19 th Century where Americans felt that it was their God given right to settle North America from coast to cost This belief fueled a war with Mexico, an agreement with Great Britain, and the Native American removals to the West

Annexation of Texas DETAILS Texas won their independence from Mexico in 1836 during the Texas Revolution Texas became an independent country that actually posed a threat to the United States because of (1) its desires to move westward, (2) its cotton supply In March 1845, after a treaty to annex Texas had failed, a joint resolution passed Congress and Texas became part of the United States ISSUES At issue was the addition of another slave state to the Union and the impact it would have on political representation in Congress

The Oregon Territory DETAILS Since the late 1810’s, the Oregon Territory had been jointly controlled by the British and the Americans The United States first realized the potential of the Oregon Territory when Lewis & Clark explored the Louisiana Territory and made their way to the Pacific Ocean (furs & farming) James Polk became President in 1845 and pushed for “54’40 Or Fight” in reference to what the United States wanted to claim The British agreed to a compromise, setting the present day borders ISSUES No significant issues

The Mexican Cession DETAILS Tempers were raging over (1) the American annexation of Texas and (2) Polk’s desire to expand the United States The Mexican-American War was fought between The Mexican Cession gave the United States most of what is the present day American Southwest. ISSUES Was the Mexican-American War a war fought for the expansion of slavery? With new land acquisitions, what would become of those lands in relation to slavery?