VICTORIAN NOVEL.

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Presentation transcript:

VICTORIAN NOVEL

Literary Background – VICTORIAN NOVEL During the Victorian Age for the first time there was a communion of interests and opinions between writers and readers enormous growth of the middle classes who were avid consumers of literature, they borrowed books from circulating libraries and read various periodicals. A great deal of Victorian Literature was first published in instalments in the pages of periodicals, which allowed the writer to feel he was in constant contact with his readers.

Literary Background – VICTORIAN NOVEL The NOVEL became the most popular form of literature and also the main form of entertainment since books were read aloud within the family. NOVELISTS felt they had a moral and social responsibility to fulfil: they depicted society as they saw it (realism) and denounced its evils (criticism) they aimed at making readers realise social injustices

Literary Background – VICTORIAN NOVEL WOMEN WRITERS: a great number of novels were written by women. This is surprising if we consider the state of subjection of Victorian women, but at the same time they were the majority of novel-buyers and of readers. However, it was not easy to publish books, so some women writers decided to use male pseudonyms in order to see their novels in print.

VICTORIAN NOVEL – main features The narrator is obtrusive and omniscient: he provides his comments on the plot and he establishes a rigid barrier between what is right or wrong (judge); retribution and punishment usually appear in the final chapter where all the events, adventures, incidents are explained and justified. Didactic aim Linearity (stories have a beginning, a middle, an end)

VICTORIAN NOVEL – main features Long complicated plots and sub-plots Urban setting: the city was the most common setting, the main symbol of industrial civilisation as well the expression of anonymous lives and lost identities Precise creation of characters and deep analysis of characters’ inner lives (psychology) Most popular genre = “Bildungsroman” (novel of formation) Main themes: money, wealth, realistic portrait of society denouncing its injustices and iniquities

VICTORIAN NOVEL From a structural point of view we can divide Victorian Novels mainly into three groups: 1) EARLY-VICTORIAN NOVEL (or social-problem novel) dealing with social and humanitarian themes realism, criticism of social evils, but faith in progress, general optimism The main representative writer was CHARLES DICKENS

VICTORIAN NOVEL 2) MID-VICTORIAN NOVEL (novel of purpose) showing Romantic and Gothic elements and a psychological interest. The main representative writers were the BRONTË sisters and R.L. STEVENSON

VICTORIAN NOVEL 3) LATE- VICTORIAN NOVEL (naturalistic novel near to European Naturalism) showing a scientific look at human life, objectivity of observation, dissatisfaction with Victorian values. The main representative writers were T. HARDY and O. WILDE.

VICTORIAN NOVEL Other minor forms of novel developed in this period: 4) Novel of Manners focusing on economic problems of a particular class (W.Thackeray) 5) Colonialist Fiction presenting an exaltation of British imperialistic power (R.Kipling) 6) Nonsense literature dealing with fantastic adventures (L.Carroll)