There Are Four Different Parenting Styles Authoritarian~ Low Love and High Limits Permissive ~ High Love and Low Limits Authoritative ~ Democratic or Balanced: High Love and High Limits Uninvolved ~ Rejecting/Neglecting: Low Love and Low Limits

Impact of parenting according to the psychological perspectives

Behaviorism “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” (1930) — John B. Watson

Behaviorism The environment a child grows up in has the most significant impact on shaping a child’s personality and skills Children learn behaviors through rewards and punishments Children learn through modeling and imitation Activity: Outline a set of dos and don’ts for parents who wish to raise a child with high self esteem and to be socially acceptable

Parenting Tips Parenting Don’ts Parenting Dos

Humanism positive regard - children seek for love, approval and acceptance from others especially their parents unconditional positive regard - parents love and approval are freely granted not conditional on the child’s behavior conditional positive regard - we receive love and approval for our positive behavior conditions of worth - we see ourselves as worthy only under the conditions that are acceptable to our parents. We avoid behaviors or conditions that are not acceptable to our parents

Activity: Create a “family sculpture” showing a parenting style and it’s impact on the function of the family.

Psychoanalytic emphasized the recognition of childhood events that could potentially influence the mental functioning of adults Emphasizes importance of parents in guiding children to overcome certain “crises” that occur in development Focus on unconscious conflicts that need to be overcome for normal development

Psychoanalytic

Psychosexual Development Pleasure-seeking energies become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation can occur. A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage.

Psychosexual Development Oral Stage (birth-1year) Erogenous Zone: Mouth- Pleasure from sucking and swallowing Crisis: Weaning Fixation: Oral receptive personality Oral aggressive personality

Psychosexual Development Anal Stage (1 to 3 years) Erogenous Zone: bowel and bladder control Crisis: Potty training Fixation: Anal retentive Anal expulsive

Psychosexual Development Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years) Erogenous Zone: genitals Crisis: Oedipus complex or Electra complex castration anxiety and penis envy Identification with same sex parent Fixation: Failure to resolve complex explains many behaviors

Psychosexual Development Latency Stage (6 to 11 years) Erogenous Zone: Sexual desire is repressed Crisis: Sexual energy is converted to socially valued activities Fixation: the child must develop a certain degree of competence in socially acceptable behaviors

Psychosexual Development Genital Stage (11 years on) Erogenous Zone: genitals Crisis: sexual and romantic interest is directed toward’s one’s peers Fixation: If the other stages have been completed successfully, the individual should now be well- balanced, warm and caring.