CHELSEA POWERPOINT

WHAT IS CLONING? is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexuallybacteriainsects plantsasexually

How is cloning done? fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequenceligation transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cellstransfection screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA

How Is Cloning Accomplished is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase. Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cellsrestriction enzymesDNA ligase

Cloning the Basics

How does SCNT differ from the natural way of making an embryo The fertilization of an egg by a sperm and the SCNT cloning method both result in the same thing: a dividing ball of cells, called an embryo. So what exactly is the difference between these methods? An embryo is composed of cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes. The difference between fertilization and SCNT lies in where those two sets originated. In fertilization, the sperm and egg both contain one set of chromosomes. When the sperm and egg join, the resulting zygote ends up with two sets - one from the father (sperm) and one from the mother (egg).

Click and Clone Isolate donor cells from inimi and megdo Remote and discard the nucleus from the egg cells Transfer the cell nucleus into the egg cells Stimulate cell division implant the embryo into maim the mother Deliver the baby mouse clone of Mimi

Clone Zone 1885-The sea urchin is a relativity simple that is useful for studying Each cell contains adult 1997-several of the research plans 1999-After injected these nucleic 2001-these cells will be produce cells 2002-the bill is probably waiting for the vote

Why Clone Cloning for medical purposes Cloning animal models of disease Cloning stem cells for research "Pharming" for drug production Reviving Endangered or Extinct Species 3. Reproducing a Deceased Pet. Cloning Humans?

Clone Myth Misconception #1: Instant Clones! A common misconception is that a clone, if created, would magically appear at the same age as the original. This simply isn't true. You remember that cloning is an alternative way to create an embryo, not a full-grown individual. Therefore, that embryo, once created, must develop exactly the same way as would an embryo created by fertilizing an egg cell with a sperm cell. This will require a surrogate mother and ample time for the cloned embryo to grow and fully develop into an individual

Clone Myth Misconception #2: Carbon Copies! Not exactly. Are you familiar with the phrase "nature versus nurture?" Basically, this means that while genetics can help determine traits, environmental influences have a considerable impact on shaping an individual's physical appearance and personality. For example, do you know any identical twins? They are genetically the same, but do they really look and act exactly alike? So, even though Frank #2 is genetically identical to the original Frank, she will grow and develop in a completely different environment than the original Frank or will have a different mother, and she will be exposed to different experiences throughout her development and life. Therefore, there is only a slim chance that Frank #2 will closely resemble the Frank you know and love.

CC and Rainbow The answer lies on the X chromosome. In cats, a gene that helps determine coat color resides on this chromosome. Both CC and Rainbow, being females, have two X chromosomes. (Males have one X and one Y chromosome.) Since the two cats have the exact same X chromosomes, they have the same two coat color genes, one specifying black and the other specifying orange. So why do they look different? Very early in her development, each of Rainbow's cells "turned off" one entire X chromosome - and therefore, turned off either the black color gene or the orange one. This process, called X-inactivation, happens normally in females, in order to prevent them from having twice as much X-chromosome activity as males. It also happens randomly, meaning that not every cell turns off the same X chromosome.