Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals 1.To identify the shapes of the s, p, d, and f orbitals 2.To describe the energy levels and orbitals of the wave mechanical model of the atom 3.To characterize electron spin Objectives

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom Describes the probability of finding an electron in certain locations around the nucleus Energy of electrons is quantized Electrons have wave-like character Electrons move randomly throughout atomic orbitals Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle applies – the exact location of an electron cannot be determined at any point in time

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals Electrons are associated with energy levels –Called principal energy levels –Labeled with a quantum # (n) –n = 1, 2, 3 … –Each energy level can have one or more sublevels Energy Levels

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals Types of Orbitals sSpherical1 type pDumbell-shaped3 types dComplex5 types fComplex7 types

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals Orbitals do not have sharp boundaries.

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals Shapes of Orbitals p orbitals – 3 types (dumbbell-shaped

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals Shapes of Orbitals d orbital – 5 types

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals Shapes of Orbitals f orbitals – 7 types

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals # sublevels = quantum # “n” n = 1  1 sublevel  s n = 2  2 sublevels  s, p n = 3  3 sublevels  s, p, d n = 4  4 sublevels  s, p, d, f

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals The s and p types of sublevel Hydrogen Energy Levels

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals A. The Hydrogen Orbitals Why does an H atom have so many orbitals and only 1 electron? –An orbital is a potential space for an electron. –Atoms can have many potential orbitals. Hydrogen Orbitals

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals An electron’s location is determined by … …principle quantum #  sublevel  orbital  spin As “n” increases… …electron energy increases …the size of the orbital increases (electrons are farther away from the nucleus)

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals an atomic orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. If an orbital contains 2 electrons, they must have opposite spins Pauli Exclusion Principle

Section 11.3 Atomic Orbitals Orbital energy diagram