Key Terms – The Italian Unification Guisseppe Mazzini Young Italy Guisseppe Garibaldi Camilo Cavour Risorgimento Red Shirts Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Papal States Victor Emmanuel II

Guisseppe Mazzini Mazzini → known as the soul of the Unification movement. Founded Young Italy → secret society that called for the unification of Italy under a representative government. Stirred up revolts and was forced to flee to France. Continued to promote unification through writings.

Guiseppe Garibaldi Garibaldi → the sword of Italian Unification Worked with Mazzini in the revolts of the 1830's Fled to France then Latin America. Returned to Italy in 1848 and would lead an unsuccessful revolt against the Austrians. Would lead a revolt to replace the pope's rule but would be stopped by the French and forced into exile.

Camilo Cavour Cavour → the mind of the Italian Unification Led a unification movement known as the Risorgimento Used his newspaper to stir up anti-Austrian feeling. Was made Prime Minister in 1852 Believed in constitutional monarchy Strengthened the economy of Piedmont

Obstacles to Italian Unification Major obstacles to unification were Austria and the Pope → both controlled large amounts of territory in Italy. Cavour would enter into a secret pact with the French to help re-acquire land in Italy Austrian troops would invade and be defeated French would force a treaty from Austria resulting in the acquisition of Lombardy for the territory of Piedmont. Other Italian areas under the control of Austria revolted and would end up joining Lombardy

Return of Garibaldi 1860 → Garibaldi returns from exile with the Red Shirts → army of 1000 used to reacquire Southern Italy Would defeat the armies of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Would then, with assistance defeat the Papal Armies and acquire the Papal States Italy would be unified under Victor Emmanuel II