Do Now: Define intelligence 1

 Characteristics of intelligence 1. Ability to learn from experience 2. Solve problem 3. Use knowledge to adapt to new situations  Intelligence is a concept not a tangible thing 2

 How is intelligence described? 3

 Practical problem solving  Verbal skills  Social competence 4

 Charles Spearman  Used factor analysis: measures correlations between different items (shows how various abilities relate)  General intelligence (g factor – single factor): common skill set that underlies all our intelligent behavior  Claim: people who score high on one factor typically score higher than average on other factors (different abilities to come in same package – g factor) 5

 L.L. Thurstone  Defined 8 mental abilities (word fluency, memory and reasoning)  J.P. Guilford  Over 100 different mental abilities 6

Howard Gardner  Multiple independent intelligences  Evidence: Savant syndrome (Rain Man) Critics  Difference between ability and intelligence 7

 Daniel Goleman  Evidence of importance: Not all with highest IQ are successful, need both IQ and EQ  Other evidence: Mischel’s marshmallow experiment 8

 Robert Sternberg  3 multiple intelligences  definition of human intelligence is “(a) mental activity directed toward purposiveadaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life”, which means that intelligence is how well an individual deals with environmental changes throughout their lifespan.mentaladaptationselection  Sternberg’s theory comprises three parts: componential/analytic, experiential/creative, and practical. 9

 Stability v. Change  Crystallized intelligence  Definition: accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases up to old age  Fluid intelligence  Definition: one’s ability to reason quickly and abstractly; used when solving novel logic problems  Decreases slowly to age 75 then sharply 10