NORTRIP model application Stockholm Christer Johansson & Michael Norman

Application of the NORTRIP model, upcoming work Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models Comparison of NORTRIP with OSPM on streets with measurements Set up NORTRIP model for several streets Test the road surface wetness model against measurements Dustbindning effect Street cleaning effect Speed limitation effects Studded tyre reduction effect From Helsinki meeting

Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models 5 years on Hornsgatan Two speed (30 km/h & 50 km/h) Two Studded tyre shares, 40% and 60% Linear interpolation Calculate yearly average EF for PM10 LDV direct LDV Supsension HDV direct (no studded tyres, onlys speed variation) HDV Suspension (no studded tyres, onlys speed variation) Similar thing in Essingeleden (different speeds and studde styre share)

Example direct suspension from LDV

Application of the NORTRIP model, upcoming work Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models Comparison of NORTRIP with OSPM on streets with measurements Set up NORTRIP model for several streets Test the road surface wetness model against measurements Dustbindning effect Street cleaning effect Speed limitation effects Studded tyre reduction effect

Sveavägen, 4 years of data, Not looking as good as Hornsgatan Differences from Hornsgatan: Direction Dimension Surface temperature Trees HDV fraction No speed measurements Only yearly traffic measurements

Data sets from Stockholm Hornsgatan *, 8 years Essingeleden , 5 years Sveavägen *, 4 years *2014 data until 30th June

Comparion for Hornsgatan R2 is decreasing As close as reality -Obs moist -All activities -Obs traffic

Application of the NORTRIP model, upcoming work Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models Comparison of NORTRIP with OSPM on streets with measurements Set up NORTRIP model for several streets Test the road surface wetness model against measurements Dustbindning effect Street cleaning effect Speed limitation effects Studded tyre reduction effect

Vaisala road surface sensor On Essingeleden since 2012 On Sveavägen from Jan 2014 A second one in use on Sveavägen Feb-May 2014 On Hornsgatan since Oct 2014

Comparison Surface sensor with Vaisala

Street surface wetness, March 2014 Comparison CMA (Sveavägen 59) with CMA+KF (Sveavägen 83), both 10 g/m2, 25% solution The Vaisala sensor cannot detect the CMA!

Street surface wetness, May 2014 Flushing is detected!

Application of the NORTRIP model, upcoming work Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models Comparison of NORTRIP with OSPM on streets with measurements Set up NORTRIP model for several streets Test the road surface wetness model against measurements Dustbindning effect Street cleaning effect Speed limitation effects Studded tyre reduction effect Together with Bruce

Application of the NORTRIP model, upcoming work Better (new) EF for PM10 in gaussian dispersion models Comparison of NORTRIP with OSPM on streets with measurements Set up NORTRIP model for several streets Test the road surface wetness model against measurements Dustbindning effect Street cleaning effect Speed limitation effects Studded tyre reduction effect Partly done with EF, more will be done

Measures in central Stockholm 6 PM10 monitoring stations on 5 streets Including the 4 long term station Chemical composition of PM10 at Hornsgatan Sveavägen divided into two stretches Perfect reference All cleaning, dustbinding, salting, sanding activities were logged VTI: Street surface monitoring

Results from Hornsgatan 2013/2013 Daily average ratio Hornsgatan/Folkungagatan Significant effect from dustbindning No observed effect from cleaning or flushing Vacuum cleaning had no significant effect *

Measures in central Stockholm 2013/2014 Oct 2013 – May 2014 Dustbinding on 34 streets In total 83 dustbindning events from Oct to May on Hornsgatan Vacuum cleaning on the streets with measuring stations 68 cleaning event with vacuum from Oct to May on Hornsgatan 175 cleaning events with ordinary cleaning No sanding on driveways Salting 20 salting occasions Two Vaisala street surface monitors on dustbinded streets

Use of studded tyres, trend

Use of studded tyres, 2013/2014

Temperature

Street surface wetness, 2013/2014

Average PM10 Jan-May

Number of days above 50 µg/m3

Monthly average PM10

Monthly average NO 2

Test on Sveavägen March Use of CMA on Sveavägen 59 and CMA+KF on Sveavägen 83 April Use of CMA the whole block around Sveavägen 59

Test on Sveavägen Whole Block CMA+KF

Diurnal variation March, Sveavägen

Measures in central Stockholm 2014/2015 Oct 2014 – May 2015 Dustbinding on 34 streets Vacuum cleaning on the streets with measuring stations 68 cleaning event with vacuum from Oct to May on Hornsgatan 175 cleaning events with ordinary cleaning No sanding at all Salting 20 salting occasions Two Vaisala street surface monitors on dustbinded streets

Other things that might be interesting

Size distribution of coarse particle on Hornsgatan

There seems to be no difference from autumn to spring