Feeding Productive Ewes n Realistic and practical n Facilities and equipment n Flock size

What is the best thing to feed? n Many would reply high quality alfalfa Why

What is 16% grower feed? n Feed that contains 16% crude protein. n Is it better than 14% finisher? n Feed tags list items on an as fed basis

What is in feeds? n water (8-60% water) n minerals (ash 1-4%) n energy (TDN 40-85%) u forages more variable than grains n protein (5-43%) n vitamins

How much will sheep eat? n Daily intakes u ewes 2-5% body weight lactating ewes have highest u lambs 3-6% goes down as lambs get heavier

Condition scoring n Evaluating ewes for fatness n Monitor changes n 1-5 system n 11% weight change equals one condition score

Nutrient Requirements n Reading those charts

Nutrient Requirements n Using those charts n ex. 175 ewe 1.62 TDN and.28 CP n Alfalfa 50% TDN1.62/.5 = 3.2 lbs. n 3.2 X 16%CP =.51 lbs. of CP

What is Midwest’s cheapest feed source ???

Stages of Production n Maintenance u weaning until 14 days pre-breeding (138 days) n Flushing/Breeding u 2 weeks pre-breeding till end of breeding (49 days or more) n Early/mid gestation u Completion of breeding until 4 weeks pre-lambing (80 days or more)

Concerns During Early Mid Gestation n 21 days of severe underfeeding n 80 days of moderate underfeeding n Both result in smaller placenta leading to reduced birthweights

Mid Gestation Nutrition Goals n Maintain condition - mature ewes n Yearlings and two year olds - increase condition u Higher incidence of fetal loss in young ewes. n Specific nutrients u Protein maybe Other species - protein deficiency severely impacts placental size more than energy n Crop aftermath grazing - ?? protein

Stages of Production n Late gestation, second most important u singles 2 weeks u twins 3-4 weeks u triplets 4-6 weeks n Early lactation, most important u 42 days n Late lactation u 21 days n Weaning ration u 7 days

Recommendations for LG Feeding n Alfalfa hay based diets u Corn or other economical energy sources u Guideline - 1 LB. concentrate per fetus n Limit roughage intake u Mature ewes with 3 fetus or more u All ewe lambs n Low quality roughage as base ration require both protein and energy supplementation n Low energy diets with poor roughage's may respond to escape protein - MLC, 1983

Late Gestation Secretory tissue development occurs. Larger placenta  more placenta lactogen. Ewes with multiples have larger placenta weight.

Consequences of Underfeeding n Weak, small lambs with high mortality n Reduced colostrum quality and quantity n Retarded weight gain both pre & post weaning n Reduced peak milk yield and less total production n Decreased re-breeding success n Reduced wool production via fewer secondary follicles

Consequences of Overfeeding n Thin wallets n Fat ewes ketosis n Upper limit on birth weight

Factors Which Affect Milk Production Lactation Diet Energy Status Lactation Diet Protein Status Late Gestation Nutrition - precaution Ewe Fatness or Condition Prolificacy

Nutrition/Metabolic Disorders What is a highly productive Ewe?

High producing ewes n Twins or better u Moderate birth weight n Raises them all n 7.5 pounds of milk per day twins gaining.75 lb birth to weaning n Long lived n Breeds back if desired n Eats like a horse

Ewe Lambs n Lamb at months n Group drop rate of >1.5 w/ 200% ideal n Produce 4 pounds of milk u Lamb gain on twins of.4 lb birth to weaning

Feeding Management Separate by need Singles vs twins vs triplets Age: ewe lambs vs mature Early vs late lambers

Late Gestation Rations 175 pound ewe 13 lb S 11.5 lbTw 9.5 lb Tr Brome/alfalfa a 443 Corn a Hay quality good, 13.9 % CP and 56% TDN Trace mineral and Vitamin E

Late Gestation Rations 120 pound ewe lamb 10 lb S 8.5 lbTw Brome/alfalfa a Corn a Hay quality good, 13.9 % CP and 56% TDN Trace mineral and Vitamin E

Lactation rations 175 pound ewe Single Twins Triplets Lamb gain Brome/alfalfa a Corn Soybean meal a Hay quality good, 13.9% CP and 56% TDN Trace mineral and Vitamin E

Lactation rations 125 lb ewe lamb Single Twins Lamb gain.6.4 Brome/alfalfa a 3 4 Barley Soybean meal.5.5 a Hay quality good, 13.9% CP and 56% TDN Trace mineral and Vitamin E

Protein Intake MilkYieldMilkYield 1.28 TDN 1.86 TDN 2.35 TDN Energy and Protein vs. Yield

Protein Sources Intake protein Microbial protein..13 lb MP/lb TDN

Intake Protein Undegraded (UIP) Degraded (DIP)

Value of Protein Sources for UIP Grass Pasture Alfalfa Hay Barley SBM 44, Solvent SBM 44, Expeller CGM DDGS Blood Meal Fish Meal UIP UIP Conc. % Conc. % % CP % UIP

Milk Yield Results from Additional Protein Urea.29 0 Nutmeal.88 0 Soybean Meal.88 0 Meat & Bone Meal.88 0 Lineseed Meal Fish Meal Blood Meal lb. ewes rearing twins fed base diet 2.67 TDN 11.6% CP Gonzalez et al Protein Added Protein Added Protein Source.18 lbs..44 lbs.

Vitamin E 100 IU/day/head extra above feed E 14 d pre-lambing through 35 d lactation Mineral source of E is inadequate 20 pounds of mineral mixed with 4 pounds of E (20K IU/lb) assumes ½ ounce intake per day

Iodine Lactation Ration =.8 ppm or mg/kg Most mineral mixtures are short needs to be 140 ppm in mineral with.5 ounce intake intake levels Solutions free choice iodized salt Maryland should not be short

Summary All phases of production are important Correctly feeding the flock requires more than one pen Adequate MG nutrition for placental development LG prepares for lactation and adequate birth weights for high survival Lactation takes both protein and energy, wt. loss hurts production