BMTS 242: Computer and Systems Lecture 4: Computer Hardware and Ports Yousef Alharbi Website

The System Unit McGraw-HillCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of microcomputers. Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications. Competent end users need to understand the basic principles of how microcomputers are put together. These principles will be covered in this chapter. Introduction 1-3 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

System Unit 1-4 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Desktop System Units Media Center System Units Notebook System Units Tablet PC System Units Handheld Computer System Units System Unit Types 1-5 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connects all components Allows communication between devices It is called main board or motherboard Circuit board electronic components –Sockets –Slots –Bus lines System Board 1-6 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Two Basic Components –Control unit –Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) Microprocessor Chips 1-7 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chip capacities are expressed in word sizes (bits) Two Recent Significant Developments –64-bit processors Have become standard for most of today’s desktop and laptop computers –Multi-Core Chips Can provide two separate and independent CPUs Parallel processing Microprocessor Chips 1-8 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Holding area for data, instructions, and information Memory is contained on chips connected to the system board Types of memory chips –RAMRAM –ROMROM –FlashFlash Memory 1-9 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data –Cache memory or RAM cache –Flash RAM or flash memory Other types of RAM –DRAM –SDRAM –DDR –Direct RDRAM RAM 1-10 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs but the computer cannot write Contain special instructions –Needed to start a computer –Give keyboard keys their special capabilities –Put characters on screen ROM 1-11 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM. Flash memory is used for a wide of range of applications. If changes are made to the computer system, these changes are reflected in flash memory. Flash 1-12 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Allow for new devices to be added –Open architecture –Slots provide for expansion Expansion cards are also called … –Plug-in boards –Controller cards –Adapter cards –Interface cards Expansion Slots and Cards 1-13 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Graphics cards Sound cards Modem cards Network interface cards (NIC) PC cards and Express cards TV tuner cards Commonly Used Expansion Cards 1-14 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Set of specific hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and others Creating devices that are able to configure themselves when installed Plug and Play 1-15 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connect parts of the CPU to each other Data roadway for traveling bits –Measured as bus width –More lanes, faster traffic Two basic categories –System buses –Expansion busesExpansion buses Bus Lines 1-16 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ports Socket for connecting external devices Ports can connect directly to the system board or they can connect to cards that are inserted into slots on the system board Three Types –Standard PortsStandard Ports –Legacy PortsLegacy Ports –Specialized PortsSpecialized Ports 1-17 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Four common ports –VGA –USB ports –FireWire ports –Ethernet ports Standard Ports 1-18 Return Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Serial ports Parallel ports Keyboard and mouse ports Game ports Infrared data association (IrDA) Legacy Ports 1-19 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Return

Three specialized ports –Musical Instrument digital interface (MIDI) –Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format (S/PDIF) –High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) Specialized Ports 1-20 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Used to connect exterior devices to the system unit via the ports One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port Cables 1-21 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Computers require direct current (DC) DC power provided by converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries Desktop computers use power supply units Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters Power Supply 1-22 Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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