Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form.

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Protein Synthesis

The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form a polypeptide

Protein synthesis involves two types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA RNA, like DNA, is a polymer formed by a sequence of nucleotides Three Types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Differences Between DNA and RNA DNARNA double-strandedsingle-stranded sugar = deoxyribosesugar = ribose bases = A,T,C,Gbases = A,U,C,G (uracil takes the place of thymine)

“Central Dogma” Information in a cell always flows in one direction: DNA  RNA  Protein

Protein Synthesis Involves two processes: 1.Transcription: the copying of the genetic message (DNA) into a molecule of mRNA 2.Translation: mRNA is used to assemble an amino acid sequence into a polypeptide

occurs in the nucleus of the cell 1) DNA strand separates and serves as a template (pattern) for mRNA assembly Transcription

2) Free mRNA nucleotides match up to the exposed nucleotides on the DNA strand

3)mRNA strand leaves the DNA strand when a “stop codon” is reached 3)the mRNA strand carries the code for the production of one polypeptide (protein) to the ribosome

A sequence of 3 bases called a codon codes for one amino acid

Translation Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, at the ribosome 1) mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to a ribosome

2) mRNA is “read” by the ribosome and is converted to a chain of amino acids with the help of tRNA

3)As the mRNA moves across the ribosome, tRNAs temporarily attach. The amino acids are joined by a chemical bond by enzymes until a stop codon is reached 4)A polypeptide is produced

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