WARM-UP 1. Pick up a copy of Roosevelt’s “fireside chat”Sept. 3, Define the following terms: Totalitarianism Fascism Appeasement Internment camp Blitzkrieg Lend-Lease Act Rationing Island Hopping

WORLD WAR II

What Was WWII? Largest war in human history. Involved countries, colonies, and territories around the entire world. By the end, over 70 million were dead. It lasted from 1939 until 1945

“Theaters of War” – It is important to remember that WWII truly was a worldwide fight. The map depicts where WWII was fought; however the 2 main “Theaters of War” were European and the Asian Pacific Pacific Asia North Africa/Mediter ranean Europe Atlantic Ocean

KEY TERMS Totalitarianism: a type of government that controls all aspects of life Fascism: a political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalist gov’t headed by a powerful dictator. Appeasement: policy of making deals with possible enemies to “appease” them (to keep peace) Internment Camp: a place of confinement during wartime (Japanese-Americans in WWII) Blitzkrieg: a swift, sudden military attack using air and land forces; a German tactic known as “lightning war” Lend-Lease Act: (1941)a program in which the U.S. lent or leased nearly $50 billion worth of weapons, raw materials, and equipment to the Allied nations during WWII War Bonds: a low-interest loan made by citizens to the gov’t to support the cost of war. Rationing: the distribution of a fixed amount of items that are in short supply. Island Hopping: U.S. Pacific Fleet’s strategy of seizing islands that were not too heavily defended by the Japanese to use as bases to stage further attacks on the Japanese.

Totalitarianism USSR: Communist Dictatorship Germany & Italy: Fascist Dictatorship Japan: Military Dictatorship

Adolf Hitler- Leader of Germany Hideki Tojo - Prime Minister of Japan/military leader (under Emperor Hirohito) Benito Mussolini – Fascist Dictator of Italy Josef Stalin – Communist Dictator of USSR

In Germany, the economic depression caused by the Treaty of Versailles led to unemployment and hard times and in turn to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Election dateVotes in millions Share May 20, % September 14, % July 31, % November 6, % March 5, % Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose

Steps to War  Fascist leaders (dictators) rise to power in both Germany, Italy, and Japan.  Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, comes to power.  Hitler believed that the German race was superior to all others.  Blamed WWI loss on the betrayal of ordinary German workers, former leaders, and the Jews.  Persecuted the Jews.  Britain and France met with Hitler 1938  Policy of appeasement: allowed Hitler to take the Sudetenland if he promised not to invade any additional territories in Europe.  Germany invades Poland September 1, Fireside chat Sept Fireside chat Sept  German attacks were rapid and devastating. Known as blitzkrieg.  Beginning in 1937, Japan launched an all-out war against China and invaded several areas throughout Asia.  United States issues an embargo against Japan.  Tojo invades East Indies and other Asian territories to obtain resources.  Needed to stop U.S. Navy's Pacific Fleet, based in Hawaii, from preventing such invasions.  Attack on Pearl Harbor- December 7, 1941

PEARL HARBOR- Dec. 7, 1941

Main Countries on Each Side Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Allied Powers Great Britain Soviet Union United States France  Surrendered to Germany in 1940 after 6 weeks

Allied Leaders U.S. – Roosevelt until 1945; Truman after his death Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain until 1940; Winston Churchill from 1940 USSR – Josef Stalin France – Charles De Gaulle “The Big 3” pictured in the background at the Yalta Conference

UNITED STATES IN WWII KEY EVENTS D-DAY June 6, 1944 Leader: General Dwight D. Eisenhower 5000 ships, 130,000 American, British, and Canadian forces. Stormed the beaches of Normandy, France August 25, Allied forces freed Paris Killed or wounded: 10,000 April 1945 President Roosevelt died (complication from a stroke) May 7, 1945: German leaders sign unconditional surrender at Eisenhower’s headquarters in France. May 8, 1945: Declared V-E day HOMEFRONT: Rationing

D-DAY

V-E DAY Victory in Europe- May 8, 1945

Iwo-Jima-flag-raising WAR IN THE PACIFIC

Battle of Midway: (May 1942)U.S. navy able to block Japanese advance against Australia. Allies go on the offensive. Island hopping strategy begins. As Allied victories increase, kamikaze, suicide pilots, increased and used as a new weapon. Iwo Jima and Okinawa occupied by Allies to establish bases to attack Japanese mainland.

Manhattan Project Top-Secret program to build an atomic bomb.

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI President Harry S Truman orders the atomic bomb dropped on Japan after numerous warnings. Enola Gay drops atomic bomb, Little Boy, on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Deaths: 70,000 Second atomic bomb, Fat Man, dropped on Nagasaki August 14, 1945 Deaths: Japan surrenders: Aug.14