PARTICLE THEORY of MATTER

MATTER Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space

Particle Theory All matter is made of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them. # 1

Particle Theory # 2 Different substances are made of different kinds of particles

Particle Theory # 3 Particles are in constant random motion.

Particle Theory # 4 The particles of a substance move faster as the temperature increases.

Particle Theory # 5 Particles attract each other – the closer together, the stronger the attraction.

STATES of MATTER

States of Matter

PROPERTIES STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS Particle Arrangement Forces between particles Motion of particles Shape Can be Compressed? Expansion (volume) when heated Weaker than solids Weakest (almost none) Strongest Particles can vibrate, but do not move from their position Particles move about very fast in all directions Particles are able to move around No fixed shape; takes the shape of container No fixed shape; takes the shape of container Fixed shape No No (negligible) Yes Expands more than solids but less than gases Expands more than solids and liquids Expands slightly

Changes of State Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Sublimation Melting Freezing

Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter Matter can be classified into two main categories-- pure substances and mixtures - based on what types of particles make up the matter. When a substance consists of more than one type of particle, it is a mixture. Examples of mixtures include granola bars, orange juice, tea, and soil. When a substance consists of only one type of particle, it is a pure substance. Examples of pure substances include distilled water, carbon dioxide, and pure iron.

Classification of Mixtures Mixtures can be further classified into mechanical mixtures and solutions The different substances in a solution cannot be visually distinguished. A solution looks like a pure substance, but it is not. Examples of solutions include apple juice and non-distilled water. We can visually distinguish the different substances in a mechanical mixture. Examples of mechanical mixtures include cereal and Caesar salad. An alloy is a type of solution in which two or more metals are mixed together. Examples of alloys include bronze and stainless steel.

Classify the following as a pure substance, mechanical mixture or solution: Spicy Salad dressing ____________________ Gold bars at Fort Knox ____________________ A glass of KoolAid ____________________ Copper wire ____________________ A quarter ____________________ A cold drink of iced tea ____________________ Air ____________________ Cake mix ____________________ Distilled water ____________________ A compost pile in the garden ____________________ Mechanical mixture Pure substance Solution Pure substance Pure substance Solution Solution Mechanical mixture Pure substance Mechanical mixture