Activity 1.4 Language and Writer’s Craft: Syntax SpringBoard 10th grade Activity 1.4 Language and Writer’s Craft: Syntax

Do Now Copy the definition of SYNTAX into your Journal It can be found in the margin on page 14 Turn to a partner and create a simple sentence which follows the syntax… “Pronoun-verb-noun” Ex. I drove home. You cannot use any of the same words I did

Learning Targets Identify different types of phrases and use them in writing Revise writing to include phrases and parenthetical expressions

Verbal 3 types of verbals- participles, gerunds and infinitives Verbals are based on a verb, and therefore express an action or state of being, but they are NOT used as a verb in the sentence

Gerunds A gerund is a verbal that is used as a noun in a sentence Usually formed by adding “-ing” to a verb “read” can become “reading” “Reading is fun.”- “Reading” is the subject of the sentence, and therefore used as a noun.

Participles A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective or adverb in a sentence Usually ends in –ing (present participle) or –ed (past participle) The verb “burn” can become “burning” Ex. “The burning log fell off the fire.”- “burning” is modifying “log”, and therefore being used as an adjective.

Infinitives An infinitive is a verbal that can be used as a noun, adjective or adverb in a sentence It is formed by adding the word “to” before the basic form of the verb The verb “run” becomes “to run” Ex. “All of the kids wanted to run on the playground.”- “to run” functions as the direct object, noun, in this sentence.

Phrases Clarify meaning by CANNOT stand alone (not a sentence) adding information, or describing the subject, the action or other nouns CANNOT stand alone (not a sentence) Three types Gerund phrase Participial phrase Infinitive phrase

Page 14 Read the sentence assigned to you and your partner Identify the phrase or phrases by highlighting Label each one as participial, gerund or infinitive Share- be sure to mark the sentences you did not do

Page 15 With your partner, choose 3 of the sentences on page 14 and use them as models to write original sentences

Prepositional Phrases Provide critical information that helps us combine sentences Ex. My son takes World Cultures. They study Italian and Spanish. My son studies Italian and Spanish in World Culture class.

Appositive Phrases Provide critical information that helps us combine sentences Note how the phrase is punctuated in the sentence Ex. My dog loves to play in the water. She is a labrador retriever. My dog, a labrador retriever, loves to play in the water.

Parenthetical Expressions Used to add voice or comments to a sentence Unlike Appositive phrases, they do not provide critical information They often interrupt the flow of thought Always separated from the rest of sentence by commas. Ex. “The dog was getting into trouble, I imagine, when she was outside alone.” “I have no doubt, however, that she had fun doing it.”

P15 -16 Read the sentences with your partner Identify the appropriate type of phrase/expression Label them Using the sentences as a model, write your own sentences underneath.

QuickWrite or Homework Revisit one of the pieces of writing you’ve done so far in your folder. Find places in your writing where you can add 2 or 3 of the types of phrases you have learned in this lesson Rewrite the piece and hand it in