Time and Existence. Fatalism: Whatever happens is unavoidable. Causal Determinism: Everything that happens is causally determined by the past, together.

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Presentation transcript:

Time and Existence

Fatalism: Whatever happens is unavoidable. Causal Determinism: Everything that happens is causally determined by the past, together with the laws of nature. Logical Fatalism: Whatever happens is unavoidable, owing to the truths of logic.

The book ended on a terribly dismal note. It said: “And Osmo, having taken Northwest flight 569 from O’Hare, perishes when the aircraft crashes on the runway at Fort Wayne…” And that was all. That was the end of the book. So that’s why it had only twenty-nine chapters. Some idiot thought he was going to get killed in a plane crash. But, Osmo thought, he just wouldn’t get on that plane. And this would also remind him to keep his insurance in force…

About three years later our hero, having boarded a flight for St. Paul, went berserk when the pilot announced they were going to land at Fort Wayne instead. According to one of the flight attendants, he tried to hijack the aircraft and divert it to another airfield. The Civil Aeronautics Board cited the resulting disruptions as contributing to the crash that followed as the plane tried to land.

Why did Osmo become a fatalist? Was Osmo’s fatalism justified? Is the doctrine of fatalism true?

The Law of Excluded Middle: Every statement of the form P or not-P is true. Bivalence: Every statement is either true or false (but not both).

Consider, then, that class of statements about some particular person—you, let us suppose— each of which happens to be true. Their totality constitutes your biography. One combination describes the time, place, and circumstances of your death. Others describe in detail the rises and falls of your fortunes, your achievements and failures, your joys and sorrows—absolutely everything that is true of you.

The fact that statement is true does not, to be sure, entail that it is necessary, nor do all false statements express impossibilities. Nonetheless, no one is able to avoid what is truly described, however contingently, in a statement, nor to bring about what is thus falsely described. Nor can anyone convert the one to the other, making suddenly true that which was false or vice versa. It has never been done, and it never will be.